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HISTORY

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NORTH CAROLINA

VOLUME V NORTH CAROLINA BIOGRAPHY

BY SPECIAL STAFF OF WRITERS

.HC7

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ILLUSTRATED

THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO AND NEW YORK

1919

Copyright, 1919

BY

THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

Fries Family. Fries is a family name in Western North Carolina, and it has specially prominent associations in and around Winston- Salem. The following brief genealogy is pre- sented for reference in connection with sketches of individuals of the family published herewith.

I. Sigismund Eberhard von Fries, colonel, and commandant of Hoechst am Main, married Ju- liana Anna, Lady Hamilton, a Scotch woman. Their son

II. Heinrich Sigismund von Fries, gentleman of the Bed-Chamber in Hesse-Homberg, and lieuten- ant in the Army of the Emperor, fell in battle October, 1683. His widow (a daughter of Philipp Moritz von Erckebrecht, warden of the Court of Hanau), bore a son five months after the death of her husband. This son

III. Johann Konrad von Fries was born at Frankfort am Main March, 1684, and died Janu- ary 3, 1763. His mother lost the greater part of her fortune through a second marriage, and Kon- rad was apprenticed to an apothecary in Eriurt,

who required him to renounce his rank. As Konrad Fries he later settled at Montbeliard (or Moempelgard), France, where he continued as an apothecary and also became burgomaster. He married (1) Catharine Duvernoy, their son, George Conrad, having many descendants; married (2) on January 22, 1715, Judith Scharfenstein, who died in February, 1747, leaving three children. The youngest son

IV. Peter Konrad Fries was born at Montbe- liard, November 3, 1720. Took the degree Doc- tor of Philosophy at Strassburg. Served as pas- tor at various places (Lutheran) until 1758, when he joined the Unitas Fratrum or Moravian Church. November 30, 1763, he married Christine Jaesehke (born August 17, 1738, at Herrnhut, died there November 22, 1798), daughter of Michael Jaesehke (born September 27, 1701, at Sehlen, Moravia, died September 16, 1772, at Herrnhut), a de- scendant of members of the Ancient Unitas Fra- trum and himself one of the company that to secure religious liberty emigrated from Moravia to Saxony in 1722, and settled on the estates of Count Zinzendorf, where the Unitas Fratrum was renewed in 1727. Peter Konrad Fries was a man of marked ability and held many important positions in the Moravian Church, finally becom- ing a member of its governing board, the Unity 's Elders' Conference. He died at Barby, September 12, 1783, and was buried in the graveyard at Herrnhut. He left two sons, Jakob Friedrich, who became an eminent Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of Mathematics and Logic at the Uni- versity of Jena, and the author of numerous books and pamphlets; and

V. Johann Christian W'lhelm Fries, born at Barby, November 22, 1775. Was educated at

Niesky, and became a cabinet maker. Emigrated to America in 1809, reaching Salem, North Caro- lina, October 31st. On October 13, 1811, he mar- ried Johanna Elisabeth Nissen, who was born March 15, 1787, and died January 21, 1864. She was the daughter of Tycho (or Toego) Nissen (born March 14, 1732, in Gestrop, Holstein), who came to America in 1770, settling among the Moravians in North Carolina. He married Salome Meuer (born January 20, 1750, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and died May 4, 1821, in Salem), daughter of Philipp Meuer, born March 25, 1708, in Ingweiler, Alsatia, and died April 15, 1759, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Philipp Meuer 's wife, whose name was Kraft, died March 17, 1756. Tycho Nissen was pastor at Friedland, North Carolina, from 1775 to 1780. He died in Salem, February 20, 1798.

Johann Christian Wilhelm Fries bought a house on Main Street, Salem, and was superintendent of the Brothers' House carpenter shop. Later he bought a farm on the edge of town and moved there and died January 26, 1866. He had three children: Carolina Amanda, born June 16, 1817, married Edward Belo, had seven children, and died February 14, 1881 ; Henry William, born March 5, 1825, died November 4, 1902; while the eldest was

VI. Francis Levin Fries, who was born Octo- ber 17, 1812, in Salem, North Carolina. On May 24, 1838, he married Lisetta Maria Vogler, who was born March 3, 1820, and died October 23, 1903. He was one of the pioneer manufacturers of North Carolina and a leader in the affairs of town, county and state. He died August 1, 1863, leaving seven children:

VII. Carrie Fries, born October 8, 1839, mar- ried Dr. John Francis Shaffner, who was born July 14, 1838, died September 18, 1908, and had five children. Mary Elisabeth Fries, born August 31, 1844, married Eufus Lenior Patterson, who was born June 22, 1830, and died July 15, 1879, and they had six sons. John William Fries, born November 7, 1846, married Agnes Sonhia de Schwe;n;tz, who was born August 12, 1849, and died February 2, 1915, and they had two daugh- ters. Emma Christina Fries, born June 25, 1852, married Dr. Henry T. Bahnson, who was born March 4, 1845, died January 16, 1917, and they had six children. Francis Henry Fr:es, born Feb- ruary 1, 1855, married (1) Letitia Patterson, who was born January 22, 1860, and died May 28, 1884, their only daughter dying in infancy; and married (2) Anna Paulina de Schweinitz, who was born October 28, 1860, and is the mother of one daughter. Henry Elias Fries, born Septem- ber 22. 1857, married Rosa Mickey, born May 24, 1860, their only daughter, Anna Marguerite, died at the age of twenty-three years. Louisa Sarah

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

Fries, born December 8, 1859, married Rev. "Walter William Moore, born June 14, 1857, and had four children.

Francis Levin Peies, mentioned in the gen- ealogy of the Fries family, was one of the real founders of the modern City of Winston-Salem, and a pioneer manufacturer and civic leader there. As such his career deserves some special atten- tion.

He was born at Salem, October 17, 1812, a son of John Christian and Johanna Elisabeth (Nis- sen) Fries. For his higher education he entered Nazareth Hall in Pennsylvania, and after the completion of his course taught school. He stu- died law under the prominent attorney, Emanuel Shober, and was admitted to the bar and began practice at Salem. His real life work, however, was not in the law. Soon after beginning prac- tice he was appointed agent for the newly organ- ized Salem Manufacturing Company. In that ca- pacity he visited cotton mills in various north- ern cities, studied their business methods and acquired a thorough understanding of ihe machin- ery involved in cotton manufacture. Then in 1836 he superintended the erection of and in- stallation of the machinery in the first cotton fac- tory in what is now the City of Winston-Salem. In 1839 Mr. Fries severed his connection with the Salem Manufacturing Company, and erected a wool mill of his own. In 1846 his brother, Henry, be- came associated with him, making the firm which for so many years operated in Winston-Salem, under the name of F. and H. Fries. - Mr. Pries continued in active business until his death on August 1, 1863.

The energies of his character were not ex- pressed alone in business activity. When Forsyth County was erected he was appointed by the Leg- islature one of the commissioners to select a site for the courthouse and to purchase land and have it surveyed and sold into lots. Thus he arranged for the purchase of 51% acres at $5 an acre. This land included what is now the heart of the business section of Winston-Salem as well as the courthouse site. For several years he served as chairman of the Court of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions, was also a justice of the peace, and one of the first board of commissioners when in 1856 Salem was incorporated. Later he was mayor of the city. He was a strong advocate and liberal supporter of higher education. Thus he became identified with the Salem Female Acad- emy and College. He carefully planned and made the drawings and specifications for the main hall of that institution, which even today is a much admired piece of architecture. The hall was built in 1856.

Before the railroad era and when transporta- tion was by wagons and teams, he became a pro- moter of the plank road from Fayetteville west- ward. He was also a promoter of and a stock- holder and director in the North Carolina Rail- road. In 1857 he represented his county in the Legislature. Mr. Fries for a number of years was a trustee of the Moravian Church at Salem.

On May 24, 1838, he married Lisetta Maria Vogler, who was born March 3, 1820, and died October 23, 1903. She was a daughter of John and Christina (Spach) "Vogler. Christina Spach was born August 17, 1792, a daughter of Gott- lieb and Elizabeth (Hege) Spach and a grand- daughter of Adam and Martha Elizabeth (Gue- ter) Spach. Elizabeth Hege was the daughter

of Balthaser and Juliana (Frye) Hege. Francis L. Fries and wife were the parents of seven chil- dren, as mentioned in the Fries family sketch.

John William Fries, the oldest son of the late Francis L. Fries, was for many years actively identified with the cotton mill industry of North Carolina and has filled with distinction many other posts in commercial and civic affairs.

He was born at Salem November 7, 1846. He was educated under private tutors, and in the Salem Boys School, and in 1861 at the age of fifteen entered the offices of F. and H. Fries, under his father and uncle, and was with that cot- ton mill firm until 1866, throughout the period of the war. He then continued his higher education in the University of North Carolina until 1868. Returning to the mills he was one of their man- aging officials for a great many years, and ac- quired a highly technical knowledge of the cotton industry. Mr. Fries has invented and patented several machines which are now in general use.

Mr. Pries served as director of the Pries Man- ufacturing and Power Company, and of the North Carolina Midland Railroad Company, of the Wachovia Loan and Trust Company, was formerly president of the Arista Mills and now a director and is president of the Fealty Building and Loan Association.

Since 1912 Mr. Fries has given his time to the affairs of the People's National Bank of Win- ston-Salem, of which he is president. He is one of North Carolina 's recognized authorities on finan- cial matters and at a convention of the Commer- cial Organizations of the United States held at Indianapolis in 1896 to devise means for the per- petuation of the gold standard, he was elected a member of its executive committee and subse- quently was transferred to the Monetary Com- mission.

The public welfare has always bespoken a large share of his studious attention. He served several terms as commissioner of the Town of Salem and as a magistrate, he was a member of the board of county commissioners and for six years was judge of the County Court. He was one of the trustees of the local Moravian Church, was a delegate to two general synods held at Herrnhut, Germany, and is now a member of the board of provincial elders of the Southern Province of the Moravian Church. He is also a trustee of Salem Academy and College and of the University of North Carolina.

Mr. Pries married Agnes Sophia de Sehweinitz, who was born August 12, 1849, and died Febru- ary 2, 1915. She is survived by two daughters, Mary E. and Adelaide. Mary is the wife of Col. W. A. Blair and their three children are Margaret, Marian and John Fries. Miss Adelaide is a grad- uate of Salem College, has pursued studies abroad, and inherits marked literary talent from her father. She is a ready writer and is the author of several historical works, and is now engaged in a trans- lation of the Memorabilia of the Home Moravian Church.

Col. Francis Henry Fries. In the making oj. Winston-Salem a modern commercial city hardly one individual factor has accomplished more than Col. Francis Henry Fries, widely known over North Carolina and also Virginia as a banker and manufacturer. Colonel Fries has had many points of contact with the world, with men and affairs, and though his name has figured little

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

in political life he has the qualities of the pub- lie leader. His best years have been devoted to constructive achievements.

A son of Francis L. and Lisetta il. (Vogler) Fries and of the prominent Fries family else- where mentioned in this publication, Colonel Fries was born in Salem February 1, 1855. He was prepared for college in his native city. It was his intention to take his college work in the Uni- versity of North Carolina, but when he was ready the blight of reconstruction times had fallen upon the State University and its doors were tem- porarily closed. He therefore entered Davidson College and was graduated with honors from that institution in 1873.

His father had been a prominent pioneer man- ufacturer at Salem, and the young college grad- uate immediately entered the mills of F. and H. Fries, starting work in the garb of the me- chanic and in the blacksmith shop. By the ex- perience of those early years he was able to take the laborer 's viewpoint, and he had a thorough fellowship with toil. He worked his way through every department of the business, from the han- dling of the raw materials until the product was finished, and the technical knowledge of detail thus acquired has no doubt been one of the im- port factors in his success.

Much of his breadth of sympathy and large- ness of view can be attributed not only to his very active business life in North Carolina, but also to the influence and associations derived from a period of travel and residence abroad. In 1878 he went with his brother, Henry E. Fries, and his uncle, Henry W. Fries, to Europe, and in the course of the tour visited Ireland, England, Scot- land, France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. It was part of a liberal education, not merely a pleasure trip.

After his return from Europe Colonel Fries be- came superintendent of the F. and H. Fries mills, and gave his entire time to that business until 1887. He personally instituted or had some di- rect connection with all the many changes brought about in the business during that period. Methods of manufacturing were improved and the many problems involved in finding a market for the finished goods had been met and solved.

While the success of the mills was assured so far as the opportunities of the location and the community were concerned, other problems con- nected with the continued advancement and pros- perity of Winston-Salem were being presented. In 1887 only one railroad passed through Winston- Salem, thus restricting the transportation facili- ties which are the vital consideration in any large enterprise. This railroad was the Rieh- mond & Danville. Some of the local men who were striving to place Winston-Salem more ad- vantageously on the commercial map, projected a line to extend from Winston-Salem across the Blue Ridge to Roanoke, Virginia. At the solici- tation of his friends Colonel Fries accepted the responsibilities of financing and building this road. He withdrew from all other business activities and gave the railroad his entire time and atten- tion. At the beginning the only money avail- able was $40,000 raised by subscription in and around Winston-Salem. After four years of stren- uous labor the road was completed at a total cost of $2,081,000. That road did more than anything else to fix the future of Winston-Salem. When it was completed Colonel Fries declined further active association with the line, and justly felt that

the burdens of its maintenance and operation should be carried by others.

In 1896 with a few associates Colonel Fries built the Mayo Mills and established the Village of Mayodan on the Mayo River in Rockingham County, North Carolina. In 1899 Colonel Fries and associates built the Avalon Mills, two miles above Mayodan. In 1902 he had a prominent part in the construction of the Washington Mills at Fries, Virginia. He and his associates secured large tracts of land bordering on New River in Carroll and Grayson counties, Virginia, and on part of that land laid the foundation for one of the largest cotton mill properties in the South. For his part in the enterprise his associates in- sisted that the name of the manufacturing town be called Fries. Another important work of Colonel Fries was the projection of the Winston- Salem Southbound Railroad, in 1893, when the Roanoke & Southern Railway was merged with the Norfolk & Western Railway. Colonel Fries organized the Wachovia Loan & Trust Company, w-hich in turn was merged in 1911 with the Wacho- via National Bank, the same being now known as the Wachovia Bank and Trust Company, with its home office at Winston-Salem and branch of- fices at Asheville, Salisbury, High Point, North Carolina. It is the oldest and largest bank and trust company in the State of North Carolina and one of the largest in the southern states.

The usefulness and vigor of Colonel Fries in industrial affairs in North Carolina are now just at their high tide. At this writing he is president of the Waehovia Bank and Trust Company of Winston-Salem; president of the Washington Mills at Fries, Virginia; president of the Mayo Mills at Mayodan, these mills since their original construc- tion having been converted into a knitting mill, which is one of the largest of its kind in the South; he is also president of the Brown & Wil- liamson Tobacco Company of Winston-Salem; he is vice president of the Oakdale Mills at James- town, North Carolina; vice president of the Ma- line Mills and the Indera Mills, both at Winston- Salem; and director of the Arista and South Side Mills of Winston-Salem.

It is only natural that national recognition should be accorded to a man who has accomplished so much in his native state. This came with the presidential appointment on November 15, 1917, of Colonel Fries as state director of the National War Savings Committee. In making this appoint- ment the Government selected the one man in North Carolina who is best known as a success- ful organizer. At this writing Colonel Fries has already effected a strong state machine, and is se- curing state-wide co-operation to a most unusual extent. It is confidentially expected that North Carolina will fulfill its requirements under the strong leadership of the state's leading financial organizer.

Colonel Fries is undoubtedly one of North Car- olina's most powerful and ablest financiers. His ability has been frequently recognized. He has served as president of the State Bankers' Asso- ciation, and also a member of the executive committee of the American Bankers' Association, and in 1911-12 was president of the trust section of the American Bankers' Association.

Such a career is naturally, in the highest degree, of constructive benefit to the general public. He could not have accomplished any more, if as much, had he held any number of political offices and he has widely abstained from politics so far as

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

office holding is concerned. However, he served with the rank of colonel on the staff of Governor A. M. Scales. In his youth he became a member of the Home Moravian Church, in 1874 one of the teachers in its Sunday school, and from 1885 to 1905 was Sunday school superintendent. He has been a member of the board of elders of the church for twenty-five years, until he became a member of the central board of trustees of which body he is now president.

Colonel Fries was married in 1881 to Letitia Walker Patterson, who was born January 22, 1860, and died May 28, 1884. She was a daughter of Hon. Rufus L. and Maria (Moorehead) Patter- son, and a granddaughter of Governor Moorehead of North Carolina, Mrs. Pries' death occurred near that of their only and infant daughter. In 1886 Colonel Pries married Anna P. de Schweinitz, who was born October 28, 1860, daughter of Bishop E. A. de Schweinitz and member of the old fam- ily of that name elsewhere mentioned in this publication. Colonel and Mrs. Fries have one daughter, Eleanor. This daughter married Rich- ard F. Willingham of Macon, Georgia, and is the mother of two children, Eleanor Eoss and Francis Fries Willingham.

1

Henry Elias Fries. The youngest of the three sons of the late Francis L. Pries, Henry Elias has not only made his life conform to the worthy traditions of one of the best known fam- ilies of Western North Carolina, but has con- tributed new distinctions and achievements to the record. His name could hardly be omitted from any list however small supposed to repre- sent the dominant figures in North Carolina's commercial and industrial life.

Doubtless the best answer to the questions which might be asked concerning who he is and his work and service and the experiences and influ- ences of ' his life are to be found in an article written by an old acquaintance and business as- sociate in Winston-Salem. It is from that article that the following paragraphs are chiefly con- structed.

He was born at Salem September 22, 1857. of this parentage and ancestry little need be said here, since it is all set forth on other pages of this publication. The influences of his youth were not only those of loving and devoted par- ents but also of the Moravian Church in which he was reared. Another influence, of more sin- ister character, was the great conflict between the North and the South which was raging when his first conscious recollections of life began. Though too young to comprehend its meaning and its re- sults, the war was in fact one of those mighty influences which often sway men 's future lives for good or ill. Physically he was rather fragile and delicate, but in school learned his lessons well, though he became somewhat restless at times and longed for the fields and the woods and the open places of the world. He was six years of age when death darkened the household and took away his honored father, a man whose life was of the greatest potency in Winston-Salem, and concerning whom more is written elsewhere. For- tunately the subsequent years were guided and inspired by the noble strength and beautiful char- acter of his mother. He also came to look upon his uncle, H. W. Fries, and his elder brother, J. W. Fries, somewhat in the light of a father, and they were always ready with counsel, advice and help.

He was educated in the Salem Boys School, an institution which has been the inspiration for hundreds of young men in Western North Carolina. When not in school he spent much time around the cotton and woolen mills owned by the family and in the machine shops. He acquired some- thing of an expert knowledge of tools, and of the many details of factory work, and at the same time learned the point of view and the problems of the laboring classes.

At the age of seventeen he entered Davidson College. His uncle's parting words, "Never do anything to cause regret or shame," lingered with him and kept him through his college career as wall as in later years honest, industrious, tem- perate, thrifty and always endeavoring to meas- ure his own life up to the highest standards of human conduct. He was in Davidson College three years. He had to give up his course because of failing eyesight but he lost no time in idle- ness between his college work and his practical career.

He was soon made manager of the Wachovia Flouring Mills, owned by the firm of P. and H. Pries. He was at the head of that successful enterprise for more than a score of years. Near Salem had been established a Sunday school, and he found in that an outlet for his spiritual and religious nature and became its superintendent, a post he has now retained for forty years. The finishing touch to his education, worth more be- cause of its opportunities for observation and study of the world at large than a full college course, came in 1878 when he went abroad with his uncle and other members of the family and visited all the larger countries of Europe.

In 1881 Mr. Fries married Miss Rosa Mickey, who was born May 24, 1860. They had known each other from childhood, and her co-operation and interest in all that he has done and is doing has proved a source of unbounded inspiration, en- couragement and help. Mr. and Mrs. Fries have one child, a daughter.

Mr. Fries was cnosen chairman of the great State Exposition, which signalized the Dirth of a new industrial era in North Carolina. To his ability and intelligent effort was largely due the success of that exposition, held in the year 1884. In 1886 he was chosen a member of the board of education of Forsyth County which dis- tinguished itself by a magnificent constructive program, resulting in the building of numerous convenient and improved schoolhouses throughout the county. The work of this board was not only of great benefit to the immediate county but to other counties in the state, which thenceforth used the schools of Forsyth County as a model.

In 1887 Mr. Fries was elected from Forsyth County to the General Assembly. He was placed on the board of trustees of the Agricultural and Mechanical College, a position he held for ten years, and as a preliminary to the establishment of the college, was member of a special committee with Dr. Charles W. Dabney and W. S. Primrose, who visited the industrial schools of other states and made an exhaustive and thorough report which became the basis for the new State Agri- cultural and Mechanical College of North Caro- lina at Raleigh.

Not only did the state at large claim his services but his native ci'y elected him mayor for three consecutive terms. He has been a member for every board of commissioners in Winston-Salem for a number of years.

HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA

In 1885 he organized the South Side Manufac- turing Company for the manufacture of cotton products, built a large mill, and was chosen its president.

The work which has constituted his chief claim to distinction among the industrial leaders of North Carolina was in the development of elec- trical power. He came to manhood about the time the first commercial uses were made of electricity for lighting and power purposes. He was more than a passive observer of the rapid adaptation of that science to commerce and industry. With his uncle he often discussed the problem of trans- mitting power from the Yadkin Kiver to Winston- Salem. Out of these discussions grew a practical and constructive program and the organization of the Fries Manufacturing and Power Company, with Mr. H. E. Fries as superintendent and man- ager. By 1897 this company was supplying the factories of Winston-Salem with electricity as motive power. Beyond the results accomplished in the immediate locality the enterprise wae of much greater significance, since it was the first electrical transmission plant established in North Carolina. Subsequently all the electrical inter- ests of Winston-Salem, including the street rail- ways, public and private lighting plants, etc., were consolidated, and Mr. Fries was elected presi- dent of the corporation. This was the Fries Manufacturing and Power Company, and its re markable development and prosperity was largely due to Mr. Fries. He remained president of this company till it was sold to the Southern Pacific Utilities Company. He is president of the Forsyth Manufacturing Company, vice presi- dent of the Arista Mills Company, and director in a number of financial and manufacturing cor- porations.

The phrase successful business man does not adequately describe Mr. Fries' varied interests and usefulness.. He is a man among men, is sociable and charitable, has a high ideal of the value of example to the younger generation, and seeks out and works for those opportunities and advantages which mean as much to a community as bread and meat.

Politically he has always been a democrat, with the qualifying adjective of sound money. When Mr. Bryan was nominated for the presidency in 1896 he was unable to give his support to the free silver and populist ideas, and instead he at- tended the Indianapolis Convention of the sound money democracy as a delegate. He subsequently became national committeeman from North Car- olina of the national democratic party.

At the present time Mr. Fries is president of the board of trustees of the State Industrial and State Normal School, and of the Wachovia His- torical Society, of Winston-Salem. Since 1909 Mr. Fries has been president of the Winston-Salem Southbound Railway Company. He gave personal attention to the construction of this road, and now devotes his time to the supervision of this prop- erty. This road traverses the counties of For- syth, Davidson, Montgomery, Stanley and Anson, and the great industrial development taking place in these counties, is to Mr. Fries a cause of per- sonal satisfaction and gratification.

I

De Schweinitz Family. The name de Sehwei- nitz occurs so frequently in sketches of North Carolina families that it is deemed appropriate and wise to collect the principal facts concerning the genealogy of the family under one head.

Through the assistance of one of the family de- scendants this is made possible and the record follows :

According to the oldest genealogies the family was originally of Slavonic stock, its seat being in a district of Southeastern Europe known as Merania. When Duchess Hedwig married Henry I, Duke of Silesia and Poland, a number of the noble families of Merania moved with her to Silesia, among them the von Swentze, as the name was then spelled. Definite history begins in 1350.

I. Hancke von Swentze was joint Lord of Swentz, Wiltsch, Douyn and Syff ersdorff ; was counselor at the Court of Euprecht, Duke of Leig- nitz. This title to his land was confirmed in 1350. He married Fenne, or Euphemia, of the family that owned the other half of Syffersdorff. They had only one child.

II. Hans von Swentze, whose title to the estate was confirmed in 1410, married a Baroness von Hangwitz of the House of Klein. He fought under Duke Louis II against the Hussites; and held various important offices. He had five chil- dren, three sons and two daughters. His son

III. Christoff von Swentze was Lord of Sey- fersdorff, Swentz and Donyn, titles thereto being ratified in 1464. He married Ursula, Baroness von Buseweyn, of the House of Bersdorff in Hay- nan. His only son was

IV. Christoff von Swentze, Lord of Seyfers- dorff, Swentz, Dohna, Petersdorff, Langewalde and Johnsdorff, who died in 1499. He married Hedwig, Baroness von Zedlitz, of the House of Perchwitz. They had four sons and three daugh- ters. A son

V. Georg von Schwentz was Lord of Petersdorff, Libenau, Seltzenberg and Muehlredlitz. He died February 3, 1567. He married Margaretha, Baro- ness von Hangwitz, of the House of Klein-Obisch. Of their four sons one was

VI. Frederick von Schweinitz, Lord Muehlred- litz. He married (1) Helena von Schwenkfehl, and had one daughter; married (2) a Baroness von Kreckwitz. By the latter union was a son

VII. Abraham von Schweinitz, Lord Muehlred- litz. He married (1) Anna Maria, Baroness von Portugal, of the House of Kapscheln, in Prussia. They had three sons and four daughters. He married (2) Demuth von Binau, of the House of Nismenau in Lower Lusatia, and by that marriage had a son and a daughter. He died in 1659. The second of his first marriage was

VIII. Alexander von Schweinitz, Lord of Kutseheborwitz and Heugwitz. His fortunes were ruined by the Thirty Years ' war. He married Maria Elisabeth, Baroness von Eottenberg, of the House of Schoeneich. They had four sons and two daughters. One son, George, was the father of Friedrich Wilhelm von Marschall 's wife, whose daughter was the second wife of Hans Christian Alexander von Schweinitz mentioned below. An- other son was

IX. Moritz Christian von Schweinitz, who was born at Hangwitz, Silesia, February 14, 1676. He became Lord of Nieder Leube and eleven other estates. He married Eva Anna Helena, Baroness von Schweinitz', of the House of Krain. Her fa- ther, Hans Christoph von Schweinitz, was de- scended from Georg von Schweinitz (see V; through his son Georg, and his son, Hans Christoff. Hans Christoph, the second, bought the estate of Nieder Leube aud built the castle there. His daughter was his sole heiress, two other children

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

having died. Moritz von Sehweinitz died May 2, 1739, and his wife June 29, 1747. They had seven sons and three daughters. The second son was

X. Hans Christian von Sehweinitz, Lord of Nieder Leube. He was born March 30, 1707, and married Sophia Johana, Baroness von Seidlitz of the House of Pfaffindorff. They joined the Uni- tas Fratruni or Moravian Church in 1741. He died November 1, 1750, after which his widow lived mostly at Herrnhut. In 1759 she sold the estate of Nieder Leube to the neighboring Catholic Convent of Marienthal. She died October 15, 1761. They had ten children. The second son was

XI. Hans Christian Alexander von Sehweinitz, who was born October 17, 1740, at Nieder Leube. In 1770 he married Hedwig Elisabeth von Mar- schall (see under VIII). In the fall of 1770 they went to America, where he for thirty years was administrator of the American estates of the Unitas Fratrum. In 1775 his wife died, leaving two children, a daughter, Johanna Elisabeth, who married Rev. John Frederick Prueauff, and a son, Frederick Christian, who returned to Germany. In 1779 Hans Christian Alexander von Sehweinitz married for his second wife Anna Dorothea Elisa- beth, Baroness von Watteville, who was born April 25, 1754, at Herrnhut and died at Niesky, May 10, 1813. In 1797 he was elected a member of the Unity's Elders' Conference and the following spring returned to Europe, settling at Berthels- dorf as member of that board. August 26, 1801, he was ordained a Senior Civilis of the Unitas Pratrum. He died February 26, 1802, and was buried in the Herrnhut Graveyard. There were seven children by this second marriage, three sons and four daughters. Two died in infancy. Charles Henry did not marry; Christian Eenatus left the Moravian Church, had three sons, all of whom entered the Saxon army; Augusta Sophia mar- ried George Maximilian von Heuthausen; Ma- riane Elizabeth married Frederick Emanuel Knothe. The eldest child

XII. Lewis David von Sehweinitz was born at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, February 13, 1780. He was educated at Nazareth Hall, Pennsylvania, and then in the Theological Seminary at Niesky, Ger- many. He held various positions in the German Moravian Church, and in 1812 was appointed ad- ministrator of the Unity's estates in North Car- olina. May 24, 1812, he married Louisa Amelia LeDoux, a descendant of Huguenots who had fled from persecution in France and settled in Stettin, Pomerania, where she was born May 18, 1791. After a long and dangerous voyage they reached Salem, North Carolina, November 14th in the year of their marriage. During a visit to Ger- many in 1817-18 Lewis David was ordained Pres- byter. After three more years in North Carolina he was called to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1821. In 1825, during the General Synod, he was or- dained a Senior Civilis, the last to hold that office. Beturning to Bethlehem he died February 8, 18.34. In addition to his church activities he was a distinguished botanist, and belonged to a num- ber of scientific societies in America and Europe. His herbarium was left by his will to the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. His widow died in Bethlehem, October 28, 1858. They had five sons. The eldest, Edward William, born at Salem, February 21, 1814, died there the fol- lowing year. Bobert William, born at Salem, Sep- tember 20, 1819, was married during a visit to Herrnhut in 1846 to Marie Louise von Tschirschke; was ordained a deacon of the Moravian Church

in 1847, presbyter in 1856, and held various posi- tions in the American Moravian Church, was prin- cipal of Salem Female Academy from 1853 to 1866. His wife died February 11, 1881, and he on October 29, 1901. They had six children, three sons and three daughters. Edmund Alexander, fourth of the five sons, was born March 20, 1825, was ordained a deacon of the Moravian Church March 3, 1850, a presbyter on October 12, 1856, and a bishop on August 28, 1870, was pastor of various congregations, president of the General Synod of 1879, and held numerous other important church offices. He was also a noted author, especially of church history. He married (1) Lydia Johanna von Tschirschke, who died September 12, 1866, leaving two sons and two daughters. On October

1, 1868, he married (2) Isabel Allison Boggs, who had one daughter. Bernard Eugene, the youngest of the five sons, was born August 16, 1828, at Bethlehem, married in 1852 Ottelia Goepp, and died in Salem July 20, 1854, leaving one son. The second son of Lewis David von Sehweinitz was

XIII. Emil Adolphus de Sehweinitz, who was the ancestor of the descendants of the name in Western North Carolina. He was born at Salem, October 26, 1816, and was educated both in Penn- sylvania and in Germany. After filling several positions in Pennsylvania he was called to Salem in 1849 as president of the Salem Female Acad- emy, an office he filled about four years. He then became administrator for the Unity's estates in North Carolina. June 28, 1842, he married Sophia Amelia Hermann, who was born February 14, 1822, and died March 21, 1883. She was the oldest daughter of Bishop John Gottlieb Hermann (born November 18, 1789, died July 20, 1854), and his wife, Anna Paulina Shober (born De- cember 6, 1791, and died January 30, 1869). Emil A. de Sehweinitz was ordained a deacon of the Moravian Church July 24, 1842, a presbyter on July 11, 1869, and a bishop on October 11, 1874. He attended the General Synods of 1857, 1869 and 1879. The death of this much loved and revered member of the Moravian Church in North Carolina occurred November 3, 1879. Of his children, the oldest, a boy, died in infancy. A brief record of the other children is as follows: Adelaide, born May 24, 1847, and died August 3, 1871, married Dr. Henry T. Bahnson. Agnes Sophia, born August 12, 1849, died February 2, 1915, married John W. Fries. Eleanor Elisabeth, born December 23, 1853, married Dr. Nathaniel Shober Siewers. Emily Louisa, born September

2, 1856, married William A. Lemly. Anna Pau- lina, born October 28, 1860, married Francis H. Fries. Emil Alexander, born January 19, 1864, died February 15, 1904.

Hon. Benjamin Franklin Long. If the State of North Carolina should wish to express through one citizen its best ideals of vitalized and efficient citizenship it is doubtful if any choice could be so adequate as that of Judge Benjamin Franklin Long of Statesville, and since 1902 judge of the Superior Court for the Tenth Judicial District. Judge Long is now at the meridian of his mental attainments and powers, with normal expectation of continued work and influence, yet it is possible even now to appreciate and understand his life and character, the elements that have entered into it from ancestry and training, and the big role that destiny has called upon him to enact. For- tunately the material for such an appreciation is

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

at hand, collected by one familiar with his work for many years and as a result of careful study and investigation.

Judge Long was born near Graham, Alamance County, North Carolina, March 19, 1855, a son of Jacob and Jane Stuart (Stockard) Long. In racial strain he is a composite American — German and Scotch blood predominating. His great- grandfather was named Conrad Lange, a name subsequently anglicized to Long. He came from one of the Rhenish provinces of Germany and set- tled in Pennsylvania before the Revolution. By his first wife he had two children, Casper and Mary. After the death of his first wife he mar- ried Catharine McRin. About 1760, with his second wife and the two children of his first mar- riage, he came to North Carolina settling on a farm on Haw River, where the remainder of his life was spent. In this state three sons were born, Jacob, Henry and Conrad, and a daughter Elizabeth.

The oldest of these sons, Jacob, grandfather of Judge Long, married Catherine Shepherd. Their family consisted of four sons and two daughters, the youngest son being Jacob, father of Judge Long.

Jacob Long married January 3, 1833, Jane Stuart Stockard. Her father Col. John Stock- ard was a sou of James Stockard, a Continental soldier during the Revolution. James Stockard married Ellen Trousdale, sister of William and James Trousdale. Her nephew William Trousdale, son of James, become one of the most eminent men of his day, rising to the rank of general in the LTirited States army, serving two terms as governor of Tennessee and later was minister to Brazil. Col. John Stockard was twice married. His first wife was Jane Stuart of Scotch descent. After her death he married Catherine Albright, daughter of Henry Albright. The Albrights were of German descent, and their name was auglicized from the original Albrecht. They came from Ger- many to Pennsylvania, one branch moving to North Carolina before the Revolution. Henry Al- bright's wife, Mary Gibbs, was a sister of tne dis- tinguished soldier. Gen. Nicholas Gibbs, who was killed at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama during the Creek Indian war of 1812-13.

Jacob and Jane Stuart (Stockard) Long had a remarkable family of children, and much of their strong character was derived from their parents, both of whom were notable both by descent and by personal character. Owing to the conditions that existed during his youth, the country being new and raw, Jacob Long, though a man of ex- ceptionally strong mind, was deprived of the ad- vantages of a liberal education. This made him all the more determined to give his sons every- thing he could, and the lives of these sons have justified in abundant measure the affectionate judgment of the father. Judge Long would be the first to acknowledge the debt which he owes to his parents for the measure of success he has won in life. His father, long active in affairs, lived to the age of eighty-eight. His mother, a woman of strong intellect, wide reading and vast information, so impressed her children that each and every one of them became imbued thoroughly with the desire to win worthily and to be of some use in the world. She died in her ninety-second year.

Judge Long had six brothers and one sister. The oldest brother, John H. Long, died in Mis-

souri in 1907. Another brother, Joseph Gibbs Long, was orderly sergeant of Company E, 13th North Carolina Regiment, Confederate army, in the war between the states and was killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. The sister mar- ried Capt. J. N. H. Clendenin of Alamance County, North Carolina, who was an officer in the Confederate army, and since then a fanner and business man. One brother, the Rev. William S. Long, D. D., LL. D., minister and educator, foun- der of Elon College in this state and former presi- dent of it, has been prominently identified with higher education in North Carolina for over forty years. He lives at Chapel Hill. Another brother, the Rev. Daniel A. Long, D. D., LL. D., formerly president of the Graham, North Carolina, High School, was for fifteen years president of Antioch College at Yellow Springs, Ohio, and later was president of Union Christian College, a notable old institution on the banks of the Wabash River at Merom, Indiana. Another brother, Col. Jacob A. Long, is a prominent lawyer of Graham, at one time was acting district attorney of his judi- cial district, and in 1893 was chairman of the Finance Committee of the General Assembly in North Carolina. Still another brother was the late Dr. George W. Long, eminent as a physician, who lived in Graham. He served as president of the State Medical Association and was for years a member of the State Board of Medical Examiners. No physician in the state outranked him in the esteem of the profession and the large number of patients who profited by his care. The State Medical Society had his portrait painted and hung in the Hall of History at the State Capital in October, 1916.

Two brothers of Judge Long were in educa- tional work while he was a schoolboy. Rev. Dr. William S. Long, then head of the Graham High School, prepared the younger brother so that he was able to enter Trinity College in 1872 at the age of seventeen. He graduated in 1874 A. B., and later the college conferred upon him the degree A. M. He took up the study of law in Judge Pearson 's Law School, and in 1877 entered the Law School of the University of Virginia, where he was graduated in 1878 LL. B. His school career was a distinguished one. A good scholar always, at Trinity he was valedictorian of his class, which numbered among its members such men as Reverend Doctor Staley, Senator Over- man and Judge Boykin.

During his student life for two years he taught Latin and History in the Graham High School, but even with this help found himself at the beginning of his career as a lawyer somewhat in debt financially for his education. His success was such, however, that it did not take him long to pay this debt. At the University of Virginia he pressed a two years course into one year and in addition won the orator's medal in the Wash- ington Society, awarded by a committee of the faculty after hearing competitive debates.

After his return home, then but twenty-three years of age, he was tendered the nomination for state senator. With that promptness of decision which has characterized him through life, he turned aside the flattering offer and moved to Statesville, as he had previously decided to do, and that city has been the scene of his active labors. In October, 1878, he formed a law part- nership with Hon. William M. Robbins, one of the most prominent lawyers of the state and at

8

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

that time a member of Congress. December 23, 1879, he married Mary Alice Bobbins, daughter of his law partner.

Possessed of a robust physique, a strong intel- lect, liberal education, industrious habits, he threw himself into his profession with zeal, energy and sound judgment. A liberal practice came to him almost at the beginning. In 1879 he edited the Law Lectures of Chief Justice Pearson, one of his preceptors. These lectures of a distinguished lawyer and teacher were thus made available for students and are still used as a test book. Por three terms Judge Long was solicitor of the In- ferior Court of Iredell County, served as attorney for the City of Statesville and while in that office carried on a general practice extending over eight counties. In 1880 he was appointed re- ceiver for the Western Division of the Western North Carolina Railroad and for five years per- formed his duties with credit to himself and advantage to the railroad, at the same time car- rying on his active private practice. Por one term he was mayor of Statesville, resigning to accept the office of solicitor of the Eighth Judi- cial District, and was twice elected, serving a period of eight years. As prosecuting officer he was faithful, fearless and impartial, and won such a large measure of respect from the people that in 1894 he was nominated by the democratic party as candidate for judge of the Superior Court. He was included in the general democratic defeat of that year, resulting from an alliance between the republicans and populists. In the next judicial election in 1902 he was nominated for the same position, was elected by a large majority and served the full term of eight years, and was re- elected in 1910 for another similar term, which he is now serving.

With all his notable services and attainments it is his career on the bench that gives Judge Long the dignity and influence of one of North Caro- lina's foremost public citizens. The work he has done, from his own standpoint, was merely the carrying out of his sworn duties. But the country is full of examples of men who in like positions did not face their duties with the same courage. There is more than one way of doing one's duty. Judge Long took the highest and the best way, compromising nothing. Some of the largest cases involving property rights ever tried in the state were before his court, and as a rule in important cases where appeal has been taken he has been sustained.

The case which gave him a reputation far be- yond the borders of his own state forcibly illus- trates the public service which can be rendered by any just and resolute judge. Lynching has not been an uncommon American crime. But punish- ment of lynchers were almost unknown up to August, 1906, when several negroes were in jail at Salisbury to be tried for a barbarous murder, with but little doubt as to their guilt. The case was within one day of trial when a crowd of white men came into town at night, and notwithstanding the careful precautions that had been taken by the county officials broke into the jail, took out the prisoners, and put three of them to death. On the next day the court met for the trial of the prisoners who had been lynched. When Judge Long opened court the town and the surrounding country were convulsed with excitement. He sent for the Grand Jury and in delivering his charge made this announcement: "God Almighty reigns

and the law is still supreme. This court will not adjourn until this matter has been investigated." The most strenuous efforts were made to shield the participators in the lynching. Proof was diffi- cult to obtain, but Judge Long held to his posi- tion. He had the support of a courageous prose- cuting officer, Hon. W. C. Hammer, the solicitor of the district. Determined to sustain the majesty of the law, unmoved by criticism, he persisted until the crime was fastened upon one Hall, a leader of the mob, and an ex-convict. A few days after the crime was committed Hall was put on trial, found guilty and sentenced to the peni- tentiary for fifteen years. Prom one end of the land to the other his action was praised and ap- plauded by the best citizens and as an example of the sentiment in other states may be quoted, the following editorial from the Star of Indian- apolis, Indiana:

' ' It will be impossible to exaggerate or over estimate the tremendous service rendered to the state or to the race by Judge B. P. Long of States- ville, North Carolina, who has just sentenced a white lyncher to fifteen years in the penitentiary. This brave and upright judge, and all who have cooperated with him, have rendered their fel- low citizens and the cause of self-government everywhere a service which is worthy of the best tradition of Carolinian chivalry and statesman- ship. ' '

It is especially noteworthy that since this action there has not been a lynching in North Carolina. It is the first instance in the United States of severe punishment for a white man for aiding a mob to lynch negroes, and by a judge in a southern state elected by democrats.

While this case attracted wider attention, as is always true of a matter involving the funda- mentals of social and individual justice, another case in which Judge Long presided involved the sovereign rights of a sovereign state. In February, 1907, the General Assembly of North Carolina passed a law fixing the passenger rates within the state at 2% cents per mile and making violation of that act a misdemeanor. The Southern Rail- way defied the law and secured from Judge Pritch- ard of the United States Circuit Court an injunc- tion prohibiting the enforcement of the law until the question of its constitutionality could be con- sidered. This order was made by Judge Pritchard on June 29, 1907, two days before the rate law went into effect. On the 8th of July, 1907, Wake Superior Court convened, Judge Long presiding. The situation was a grave one in so far as the rights of the state were concerned, and there were no precedents. Judge Long had, however, given the matter careful thought and in his ad- dress to the jury instructed them particularly to inquire whether the railroad violated the criminal law in selling tickets at a higher rate than that prescribed by the statutes. In consequence of this charge, Agent Green at Raleigh was indicted for selling a ticket at Raleigh at an unlawful rate and was arrested. There was much feeling throughout the state. Judge Pritchard announced that he would protect the agents and officers of the company acting under his orders. He came to Raleia-h in person for the purpose, it was be- lieved, of issuing a writ of habeas corpus for the release of Green. Judge Long ordered the sheriff to deliver the body of the prisoner up to the court, and the judge took Green into his own posses- sion. Judge Long's position was a denial of the

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

right of the United States Circuit Court to sus- pend a criminal law of the state. In was a de- nial that the Federal courts could enjoin or inter- fere with the Superior Court of the state in indictments or trials for crime committed in the state and only against the laws of the state, wherein the State Court alone had sole and ex- clusive jurisdiction of the subject matter and the accused. There were other points involved not necessary to enter into here. His rulings upon the main question, jurisdiction, were unanimously af- firmed by the Supreme Court. It is sufficient here to state that Judge Long's prompt action had such au influence upon Judge Pritchard that he returned to Asheville without taking further ac- tion, and the case was tried before the State Court in due form. Both the Southern Railway and the agent Green were held guilty of misdemeanor. On Green 's promise to observe the law he was fined five dollars and given his freedom. The company declined to obey the law and was fined $30,000. In his ruling Judge Long held that the Federal Court could not suspend a criminal law of the state nor protect a citizen who had violated state laws. As a result of ttiis trial the Southern Railway, eight days after the verdict and judg- ment, suggested that it would obey the law of the state and the matter was thus finally settled. The consequences of this trial were far-reaching and have resulted in the establishment of satisfactory passenger rates throughout the South Atlantic states. Judge Long's reputation was greatly en- hanced by his action in this important decision.

Notwithstanding his arduous duties upon the bench and his devotion to the law as a profes- sion, Judge Long has found time for other in- terests connected with the social and civic life of his home community and state. From its or- ganization in 1898 he has been a member of the State Bar Association and is also a member of the American Bar Association. In 1891 he was author of the bill which resulted in the estab- lishment of the graded schools of Statesville. About the same time in conjunction with two other public spirited men he organized the States- ville Cotton Mill, the first of its kind in the town, and now ranking high among the industrial or- ganizations of the state. For a long time he served as a trustee of the State University and has given his liberal support to various charitable institutions.

In 1893 a group of capitalists, led by Hon. Wal- ter H. Page of New York, now ambassador at St. James, purchased the Manufacturers Record of Baltimore and offered Mr. Long the position of manager in chief of the publication to direct its future destinies. It was a flattering and attrac- tive offer, as the main purpose of this great jour- nal is to help the development of the South, but as its acceptance required a change of his pro- fession he declined it.

Before his judicial services began, in every general election campaign since his majority, he has worked and canvassed in behalf of the demo- cratic ticket, believing that the safety of the South as demonstrated by the horrors of Recon- struction, was dependent upon democratic control. Time and again he has declined offers of political promotion. More than once he could have had the democratic nomination for Congress, and in 1907 was urged by powerful influences to become a candidate for governor. Since his accession to the bench he has scrupulously avoided public poli-

tical discussions. His career on the bench has been free from partisanship; as a judge he en- joys the confidence of all parties.

Judge Long has the thoroughness, the persis- tence, and the courage of his German and Scotch ancestors. Many instances are told illustrating his lack of fear in taking the unpopular side when he feels he is in the right. When Chief Justice Furehes and one of his associates of the Supreme Court were impeached-in 1901, Judge Long and his associates, employed for the defense, handled the case with such masterful ability that, notwith- standing the fact that part of the alleged mis- conduct consisted of an unlawful and unconstitu- tional attitude toward the General Assembly, he, in conjunction with his associate counsel, secured an acquittal at the hands of the Senate largely composed of their political opponents.

In 1914 Judge Long was honored by Davidson College and Elou College with the degree Doctor of Laws. He holds membership in the Presby- terian Church, the Masonic, fraternity, the Royal Arcanum, the Order of Elks, and the Alpha Tau Omega college fraternity, of which at one time he was the second ranking officer in the United States. In August, 1914, he was recommended by the United States senators of North Carolina, and House members then in Washington, for appoint- ment on Sujireme Bench to vacancy occasioned by the death of Justice Lunton.

Judge Long was exceedingly fortunate in his choice of a wife. He married Miss Mary Alice Robbins, in the flush of young manhood and al- most at the outset of his professional career, and Mrs. Long as wife, mother and home maker has shared in the achievements which have bestowed so much honor and dignity upon his name.

Mrs. Long's father, trie late William McKen- dree Robbins, was a distinguished lawyer, a mem- ber of Congress, a linguist, a scientist, erudite scholar, and a statesman and orator of national fame. He was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, in 1828, and graduated with highest honors at Randolph-Macon College, Virginia. His father Ahi Robbins of Randolph County was one of the most brilliant men of his day. William M. Robbins studied law and just before the breaking out of the war went to Alabama and began prac- tice. He volunteered in the Confederate Army, and served throughout the entire war in the Fourth Alabama Infantry, of which he was major, and as major and acting colonel commanded the regi- ment at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1893 he was appointed by President Cleveland a member of the Gettysburg National Park Commission and was active in the duties of this office until his death thirteen years later. During these years he wrote the reports of the commission to the War Depart- ment, and much of the writing and inscriptions appearing upon the tablets and monuments at Gettysburg were composed by him. After the war Major Robbins removed to Salisbury, North Caro- lina, taking up the practice of law there. He was in the State Senate for two or three terms from the districts composed of Rowan and Davie coun- ties. In 1872 he was elected to Congress and was reelected in 1874 and in 1876. In Congress he became distinguished for his oratory and states- manship and when he closed his career in the national legislature he was regarded as an orator and debater who took rank with Garfield, Blaine, Randolph Tucker and Ben Hill. When he retired from Congress he was acting chairman of the

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

Ways and Means Committee. He then resumed the practice of law in Statesville, to which place he and his family had, hitherto, removed. For many years he distinguished himself at the bar as one of the leading lawyers and foremost advo- cates in North Carolina. In Congress and as a lawyer he delivered many notable addresses. A few of these stand out as being truly great ora- tions— the speech he delivered at the Twentieth of May Celebration at Charlotte in 1889; his speech in Congress on the sugar tariff; his reply to Ben Butler on the Civil Bights bill; and his address to one of the graduating classes at Ban- dolph-Macon College.

Major Bobbins married Mary Montgomery, daughter of Bev. Dr. A. D. Montgomery and of distinguished ancestry. Her mother, Elizabeth Lewis of Virginia, was a descendant of John Lewis, who was a brother of Fielding Lewis, a brother-in-law of George Washington. The Lewis family has been identified conspicuously with the history of Virginia from the earliest period. Elizabeth Lewis was also a cousin of President Zachary Taylor.

Five children have been born to Judge and Mrs. Long. William Bobbins Long, the oldest, died in infancy. Benjamin F. Long, Jr., whose youth promised a splendid career, graduated at Colonel Horner's School at Oxford, North Caro- lina, with highest honors in 1899, being captain of his company which won the colors at commence- ment in competitive drill, and had entered the university as a student for the year 1899-1900 when on November 16, 1899, in his nineteenth year, he was killed in a railroad accident. The third child, Lois, is a talented musician, has been trained under the best teachers in the country, has diplomas from three colleges, and in June, 1914, received a diploma from the Masters School of Music at Brooklyn, New York. She made her debut in Aeolian Hall, New York, November, 1917. She married Franklin Biker of New York who is a musician and composer of note of that city and a nephew of Admiral Mayo. The other daughter, Mary, married October, 1914, Maj. Edward M. Land a. leading lawyer of Goldsboro, North Caro- lina. She is a woman of varied accomplishments and has a wide circle of friends. The youngest is McKendree Bobbins Long, the artist, concern- ing whom a separate sketch appears in this work.

This brief story of Judge Long's life illustrates in the strongest manner the fact that greatness can be shown in the discharge of the ordinary duties of life. It cannot be too strongly impressed upon the minds of our people that true greatness always consists of the faithful discharge of duty. The man who has served his generation with pa- tience and with fidelity has contributed more to the welfare of his country than the man who wins notoriety, however great that notoriety may be, which is based not upon solid achievement.

McKendree Bobbins Long. North Carolina has reason to be proud of the achievements of her sons and daughters who have followed the gentler muses of the arts, some of whom have deserved to rank alongside her soldiers and statesmen. While his career as a portrait and landscape artist may be said to have only begun, it is possible to rank McKendree Bobbins Long of Statesville among those men and women whose merits and achievements have made an American art worthy of the name.

A son of Judge Benjamin F. Long, he was born at Statesville in July, 1888. His early train- ing was received in the schools of his home town, and later in the Webb School at Bellbuckle, Ten- nessee, the Horner Military School at Oxford, North Carolina, and while there he ended his career as captain of one of the military companies and won the colors for the best drilled company.

Pursuing his studies he entered Davidson Col- lege and from there became a student of the Art Students' League of New York City where he re- mained for two years. In the meantime he took a summer course in the School of Art of the Uni- versity of Virginia. Two noted artists of New York connected with the Art Students' League awarded him a scholarship entitling him to two years' study abroad.

Going to Europe he spent a short period study- ing art in the City of London. He also studied at Amsterdam and Volendam, Holland, and at Paris and Madrid. His chief instructor in Eu- rope was Lazlo, the great Hungarian portrait artist, whose studio is in London. Lazlo is re- garded in Europe as one of the great portrait artists of the time, and ranking with another, perhaps better known in this country because of his American origin, John Singer Sargent.

At the end of his two years abroad Mr. Long returned to the United States in the summer of 1913. Since then he has given his time to paint- ing portraits and landscapes, his work showing a special genius for portraiture. In December, 1916, he was tendered and accepted the position of. di- rector of the School of Art and Design in Los Angeles. At the end of the session there of 1916-17, though his place was a delightful one and gave a fine field for his ambitions, he resigned and returned home in order to respond to the call to the colors.

In June, 1917, he entered the Officers' Training Camp at Fort Oglethrope, Georgia. Some time later he was taken very seriously ill. There fol- lowed a dangerous operation, and his health was so shattered that he was unable to continue his training at Fort Oglethorpe. He then returned to Statesville and while recuperating and awaiting the return of his former splendid physical condi- tion, has resumed his artistic employment.

In the Long home at Statesville, there are two splendid examples of his portrait work, one a portrait of his father, Judge B. F. Long, the other a portrait of his wife's mother, Mrs. Mary Bell Hill. They are remarkable paintings and show the work of a great artist. Mr. Long is of the highly intellectual type, of especially independent thought and action, and follows no set rote or rule, and is bold, original and vigorous in his treat- ment of every subject. If some hazard of war does not intervene, an unusually promising career awaits this young man.

He married Miss Mary Belle Hill, daughter of the late Dr. M. W. Hill of Statesville. They have a beautiful little daughter, Caroline Clements Long.

Col. Clinton A. Cillet, whose last years were spent at Hickory, North Carolina, where he died, is generally recognized as having been one of North Carolina's ablest lawyers and finest citizens. He was not only distinguished in his profession but a man of remarkable versatility and of forceful power and character at every point of contact with affairs and with the interests of his home community.

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

11

He was of New England birth and ancestry, and was born in the State of New Hampshire. He was reared according to New England ideals and his college career was in Harvard University. He graduated from the literary department of that university and was studying law in Harvard Law School when the war broke out between the states. He soon enlisted in the Union army, and gained rank as an officer by brilliant service on the field. He became colonel of his regiment and served with that rank under General Thomas of Chieka- mauga.

Following the war Colonel Cilley was commis- sioned by the Freedmen 's Bureau to take care of its interests in North Carolina. In that official capacity he wa.s located at Salisbury. While in that city he met and became a friend of the late Colonel Folk, one of North Carolina 's most dis- tinguished lawyers and a southerner of the most uncompromising type. Notwithstanding the nat- ural political differences that separated them, a mutual affection and esteem sprang up, and after a while Colonel Cilley relinquished his position with the Freedmen 's Bureau and went with Colonel Folk to the latter 's home at Lenoir in Caldwell County. He finished his law studies under Colonel Folk and was admitted to the bar at Lenoir. Colonel Cilley had his home at Lenoir from 1866 to 1900, when he removed to Hickory in Catawba County, where he spent his last years.

Colonel Cilley was successful as a lawyer from the start, and in time was elected a .iudge of the Superior Court of North Carolina and served with credit and distinction on the bench for a number of years. On resuming his law work he continued general practice and had a clientage such as any lawyer might be proud to own. A prominent mem- ber of the Catawba County bar has said that Colonel Cilley was the most remarkable man he ever knew. He possessed not only the technique of the well trained lawyer but also the vastly more important foundation of erudition and thor- ough learning. His speeches and writings had a literary flavor in addition to the concise and logi- cal phrases of legal diction.

Colonel Cilley was married at Lenoir to Miss Emma. Harper, daughter of Col. J. C. and Mrs. (McDowell) Harper of Lenoir. Both the McDow- ells and Harpers were old and distinguished fam- ilies of Western North Carolina. Mrs. Cilley, who is still living at Hickory, was born at the old Harrier home in Happy Vnllev, Caldwell County, 6% miles from Lenoir. Her home is one of the most historic spots in all North Carolina. It wa.s the home of the revolutionary McDowells as well as the Harpers, and two of the old homes that were there during the "Revolutionary war are still standing in Happy Valley.

Colonel and Mrs. Cilley had three sons who are still living. John Harper Plummer Cilley, Cordon Harper Cilley and .Tames Lenoir Cillev. .Tames Lenoir Cilley is now assistant cashier of the First National Bank in Hickory. Gordon Harper Cilley has long been active and successful both in news- paper work and in advertising. He was formerly with the Charlotte Observer, later with the Phila- delphia "Record, and he went from that paper to become assistant to the advertising manager of John Wanamaker. Subsequently he was pro- moted to his present position as advertising man- ager for John Wanamaker at a salary of $12,000 per pear. He is of course among the great ad- vertising experts of America.

The oldest son, John Harper Plummer Cilley,

is now proprietor of the Piedmont Foundry in Hickory, and a leading business man of that city. He married Miss Anna S. Abernethy, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. S. Abernethy of Hickory. To their marriage have been born seven children: Joseph Everett, J. H. P. Jr., Clinton A., Emma Louise, Alice Shuford, Donald Adolphus and Dorothy Winter.

Maj. Joseph Em Alexander, prominent lawyer and citizen of Winston-Salem, has put his native talents and opportunities to excellent use in his individual advancement to success in his profes- sion and for a useful service to his community and state.

His is only one of the many useful and honorable careers that might appropriately be summarized in this article. The Alexanders are a virile and vigorous stock. They have been in North Carolina since earliest colonial times and the painstaking labors of students and genealogists have traced the family record back to the time of the Norman conquest of England.

Concerning the older branches of the family two quotations will suffice. The first is from the "Rec- ord of a Family of_the House of Alexander" by Frances Alexander Butterworth (Chicago. 1909) : "One of the Scottish ancestors was Alexander McDonald, son of Donald, Lord of the Isles. He had two sons who assumed the Christian name of their father as a surname, and started one branch of the Alexander family on the way to fame and fortune. The Donalds trace back to Somerled, through a somewhat misty Highland genealogy.

"William Alexander, Earl of Stirling, from whom many of the Alexanders in America claim descent, was secretary of state for Scotland in 1626. He ruled for the king with a single eyed patriotism. His writings were famed in their day. His most important work was the assistance he rendered James I in the metrical version of the Psalms.

"James Alexander, the descendant of Lord Stir- ling, was obliged to leave Great Britain on account of active partisanship with the Pretender. He was colonial secretary of New York and among the staunchest of pre-revolutionary friends of civil liberty. His son William was the Lord Stirling of Revolutionary fame. The family flourished in Virginia." .

The second citation is in the nature of a sum- mary taken from the Encyclopedia Britannica, eleventh edition, Vol. 25, page 924.

"William Alexander (1567-1640), son of Alex- ander Alexander of Menstrie, was born near Stir- ling about 1567. The family was old and claimed to be descended from Somerled, Lord of the Isles, through John, Lord of the Isles, who married Margaret, daughter of Robert II. Robert II (1316-1390) was King of Scotland and founder of the Stuart dynasty, and was the tenth in direct male descent from a Norman baron, Robert de Bruis, who came to England in 1066 with William the Conqueror. In 1621 James I g-ranted William Alexander enormous tracts of land in America embracing Nova Scotia, New Brunswick- and Gaspe Peninsula. This territory was afterwards in- creased on paper so as to include a great part of

Canada Was the king's secretary to

Scotland until his death and was created Viscount Stirling and Lord Alexander of Tullibody. In 1633 was advanced to rank of earl with the addi- tional title of Viscount Canada, and in 1639 be-

12

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

came Earl of Dovan. Was succeeded by his grand- son William, who died a few months later, and then by his son Henry (died 1644), who became 'the third earl. When Henry's grandson, Henry, fifth earl (1664-1739), died the earldom became dor- mant, and in 1759 was claimed by William Alex- ander (1726-1783) of New York City, son of James Alexander (1690-1756), a noted colonial lawyer (referred to in the previous quotation). William Alexander served first as commissioner and then as aide de camp to Gov. William Shirley, and in 1756 accompanied Governor Shirley to Eng- land, where he was persuaded to claim the earldom of Stirling. In 1759 in Edinburg a jury declared him to be the nearest heir to the last Earl of Stir- ling, but the House of Lords held up the claim for further proof Returned to Amer- ica, espoused the cause of the Revolution, became brigadier general and in 1777 major general; pre- sided over the court martial of Gen. Charles Lee regarding the battle of Monmouth, and enjoyed the confidence of Washington to an unusual de- gree. ' '

It is said that in the latter part of the seven- teenth century several brothers of the name Alex- ander fled on account of religious persecution from Scotland to Ireland and thence to Manhattan, New York. Some of these remained in Manhattan and one of their descendants was the William Alexan- der above referred to. The others took up their abode for a time in New Jersey, and the descend- ants of these families went into Pennsylvania and into North Carolina. According to ' ' Burke 's Ar- more of England, Scotland and Ireland," there was a Samuel Alexander living in Cecil County, Maryland, 1700-1714, whose grandson, David, set- tled in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Erom 1740 to 1760 many Alexander families left Mary- land, thirty of these families going to North Caro- lina and Virginia at the same time.

Attracted by the fertility of soil, its fruit, game and fishing industry and its mild climate tempered by the waters of Albemarle Sound, Isaac Alexander, who is the ancestor of the branch of the family now under consideration, settled in Tyrrell County, near the Town of Columbia, appar- ently about the time it became a County, shortly after 1729.

The County of Tyrrell (named for Sir John Tyrrell, at one time a lord proprietor), in North Carolina, is one of the oldest counties of English settlement in America. The State of North Caro- lina was owned by eight lords proprietors until 1729, when seven of them sold their share back to the Crown. North Carolina was originally di- vided into three counties, Albemarle, Bath and Clarendon. Tyrrell was one of the original pre- cincts of Albemarle and embraced the land now known as Dare, Tyrrell, Washington and a part of Martin Counties, embracing all the land imme- diately bordering on the south of Albemarle Sound. In 1719 Tyrrell Precinct had achieved such popula- tion and importance that it petitioned the lords proprietors to be created into a county. This re- quest was not granted until 1729, the same year that the proprietors sold the land back to the Crown.

The Alexander family in Tyrrell for a long number of years resided on what is known as the Pinner Place or Sound Side Plantation in a sec- tion known as Sound Side on the south side of Albemarle Sound. In the Alexander burial ground on this place Jesse Alexander and his son Joseph

Alexander and the latter 's wife, Caroline, are buried, and their tomb stones are in a good state of preservation.

From traditional accounts which have been pre- served in the family to the present time, there was evidently some connection between the Alex- anders of Tyrrell County and those of Mecklen- burg County. It is said that the families in the two localities visited each other in the early days. That fact explains why Isaac Alexander and his wife, Zilpha, were not buried in the above ground. It is said that their remains were taken to Meck- lenburg for burial.

Isaac Alexander, the pioneer of Tyrrell County, died about 1780. An interesting document that has a curious interest of its own and also con- tains some account of the Alexander family is Isaac Alexander 's will, recorded in Book 1 of Wills, page 144, in the office of the clerk of the Superior Court of Tyrrell County. It is given in its entirety as follows :

"In the Name of God, Amen.

the Twenty-fifth Day of March. 1780.

' ' I, Isaac Alexander of the County of Tyrrell, Planter, being very sick and weak in body but of perfect mind and memory, thanks be given unto God, therefore calling unto mind the mortality of my body and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die, do make and ordain this my last will and testament, that is to say:

"Principally and first of all, I give and recom- mend my soul into the hands of God that gave it and my body I recommend to the earth to be buried in decent Christian burial at the discretion of my executors, nothing doubting but at the gen- eral resurrection I shall receive the same again by the Mighty Power of God:

' ' And as touching such worldly estate wherewith it hath pleased God to bless me in this life, I give, devise and dispose of the same in the following manner and form :

"Imprimus: I give and bequeath to Zilpha Alexander, my dearly beloved wife, the one-third part of all my movable estate wherever to be found during her natural life with the use of my planta- tion whereon I now dwell during her widowhood and then to be and remain as after specified.

' ' Item : I give and bequeath to my well beloved son John Alexander the now called Sound Side Plantation for two hundred acres of land as the sundry lines round the same will appear, with one good hunting gun.

"Item: I give to my well beloved son Joseph Alexander the black walnut land being two hun- dred twenty acres lying and being on the north side and near the head of Alligator Creek, with one good hunting gun and one feather bed.

"Item: I give to my well beloved son Abner Alexander one certain piece of land lying on the south side of the New Road commonly called the Woodyard as the sundry lines round the same will make appear with one good hunting gun and one feather bed.

"Item: I give to my well beloved son Jesse Alexander the plantation and land appertaining to the same whereon I now dwell as the sundry lines round the same will make appear, with one good hunting gun and one feather bed and fur- niture, and to have a good still, my own property, with one good cow and calf.

"Item: I give to my beloved daughter Mary Alexander one good feather bed and one chest.

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

13

' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Eliza- beth Davenport one good feather bed now in her own possession.

' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Ann Alexander one good feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf.

' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Sarah Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf.

' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Jamima Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf.

' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Zilpha Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf.

"Item: I give to my beloved daughter Millae Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf.

' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Clarca Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf.

"And as touching my negroes, I dispose of them as follows: One negro girl called Juda to be and remain in the possession and custody of my be- loved wife Zilpha Alexander during her natural life, whom I constitute and appoint executrix with my well beloved son John Alexander whom I con- stitute and appoint executor of this my last will and testament, and as to my other negroes that is now to say Rose and one negro woman Joan and Hester negroes to remain in the care and custody of my executors until the year 1790. and then to be equally or as near as possible divided or pro- portioned with increase to and among my before mentioned children and the remaining part of my estate not before left in legacies or mentioned to be equally divided at my decease, excepting my well beloved son Jesse Alexander who is to have no part of the said negroes or increase; to him I give the still in lieu.

"And I do hereby utterly disallow, revoke and disannull all and every other former testament, will, legacies and bequeath and executors by me in any ways before named and willed, and be- queathed, ratifying and confirming this and no other to be my last will and testament.

"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and date above written.

"Isaac Alexander." [Seal]

The immediate branch of the family here de- scribed is descended through Isaac 's son Jesse, known as Colonel Jesse. He was born June 28, 1774. and died November 2, 1817. He is buried on Sound Side Plantation, now known as Pinner Place, five miles from Columbia, Tyrrell County. He was a very extensive and successful planter, and also a man of affairs. He represented Tyr- rell County in the House in 1803-04, and in the Senate in 1808 and 1810. He was also a colonel of the militia, and his death at the early age of forty-three resulted from wounds received in the war of 1812. In connection with his military service the following letter from Governor Haw- kins' "Letter Book," page 259, is of interest:

"His Excellency the Governor of North Caro- accept the appointment of Brigadier General of the Thirteenth Brigade of North Carolina Mili- tia." Signed Jesse Alexander, Tyrrell County, May 15, 1813.

Col. Jesse Alexander married Ann Hoylt Hos- kans of Edenton, North Carolina, January 1, 1801.

They had five children: Joseph, George, Thomas, Abner and Martha. Of these, George, who was born July 7, 1S07, and died in 1835, married Ann Spruill; Thomas H., born June 12, 1809, and died in 1870, served as register of deeds for thirty years, and left a large family of children and grandchildren by his marriage to Mary Hardison; Abner, born September 12, 1811, and died in 1844, married Rhoda Alexander, but had no children; Martha, born November 10, 1813, married Col. Charles T. Spruill, who several times served as a member of the General Assembly from Tyrrell County.

Joseph Alexander, first son of Colonel Jesse, was born April 5, 1805, and died December 28, 1850. He was a planter and slave owner and lifelong resident of Tyrrell County. He married Caroline B. Spruill, who was born September 18, 1812, and died February 14, 1860. Her brother, Gen. H. G. Spruill, was one of North Carolina's historic char- acters represented Tyrrell in the Senate in 1836- 38-40-42, was a member of the Board of Internal Improvements, and as state senator advocated a system of common public schools, using funds of the state lands, and introduced one of the first bills for this purpose. Joseph Alexander and his wife had one son and three daughters. The daugh- ters were: Martha F., who married Dennis Sim- mons, founder and president of the Dennis Sim- mons Lumber Company of Williamston, North Carolina; Josephine, who married Dr. Edward Ransom, who was president of the constitutional convention of 1875-76; and Fannie, who married Capt. John D. Biggs, who served as captain of Company H, Sixty-first Begiment North Carolina troops.

Dr. Abner Alexander, son of Joseph and Caro- line Alexander, was born September 28, 1845, on the Alexander plantation already referred to. He enlisted in Company H of the Sixty-first Begiment, North Carolina troops, was commissioned first lieutenant, was in service to the end of the strug- gle, was wounded at Cold Harbor and surrendered with General Johnston near Jamestown, North Carolina, in 1865. His regiment was in Cling- man's Brigade, Hooke's Division, Longstreet's Corps. After the surrender he walked home, a distance of two hundred miles. He then took up the study of medicine, graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Baltimore, and returning to his native county practiced there and for many years had a clientage all over the county and the adjoining counties of Washington and Dare. He continued his professional work almost to the time of his death. He died in the City Hos- pital of Baltimore, where he had gone for treat- ment, on April 8, 1904.

Doctor Alexander was a member of the General Assembly from Tyrrell three times, 1895, 1897 and 1903, and chairman of the Committee on Health. The bulletin of the North Carolina Board of Health, March, 1895, speaking of his services: "We feel that it would not be making any invid- ious comparison to particularly mention our county superintendent of Tyrrell, Dr. Abner Alexander, who was the representative of that countv and who as chairman of the Committee on Public Health of the House proved indeed a faithful sen- tinel upon the watch-tower."

At the time of his death the Raleigh Post said: "One of Tyrrell's greatest men has gone to his reward. Doctor Alexander has worn himself out serving the people. It has been said of him that

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HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA

he never refused to visit the sick when called if it were possible for him to get there, no mat- ter what state of life, from the humblest to the most exalted, there was never any difference. ' ' It is said that his was the largest funeral ever held in Columbia.

Dr. Abner Alexander married Dora Spruill. She was born in Tyrrell County July 12, 1851, was educated at Kittrell Springs and Statesville Female College, both in North Carolina, and died August 2, 1916. She is buried beside her hus- band in the cemetery at Columbia. Her father was Eli Spruill, who was born January 12, 1818, and died September 2, 1887. He was a slave-owner, lawyer and planter, was a whig in early day poli- tics, represented Tyrrell County in the Secession Convention of 1861, and was one of the few who opposed secession, though he finally voted for the measure. Eli Spruill was a son of James Spruill, a prominent planter of Tyrrell County. The wife of Eli Spruill was Harriet V. P. Spruill, who was born May 11, 1828, and died June 22, 1902.

Dr. Abner Alexander and wife had two sons, Joseph Eli and Webster Spruill Alexander. Web- ster S. Alexander was born January 10, 1888, at Columbia, Tyrrell County, and is now a resident of Winston-Salem.

Joseph Eli Alexander, who may justly take pride in the long line of distinguished ancestors only briefly noted in the preceding paragraphs, was born September 6, 1874, on the Riverside farm near Columbia, Tyrrell County. He prepared for college at Columbia Preparatory School and in 1889 was a student in Williamstown Academy in Martin County under Dr. Sylvester Hassell. In 1895 he graduated magna cum laude from the Uni- versity of North Carolina. While in the univer- sity he attained membership in the honorary schol- arship fraternity Phi Beta Kappa.

Studying law in a law office, he was admitted to the bar in 1896. He then formed a partner- ship with Hon. A. E. Holton, United States dis- trict attorney at Winston-Salem. For fourteen months from January, 1897, to March, 1898, he was secretary to the governor of North Carolina and in that capacity was also military secretary with rank of major. After resigning as secre- tary he was appointed in 1898 aide de camp to the governor with the rank of colonel. This was during Governor Russell's administration.

He resigned as secretary to the governor to resume the practice of law with Mr. Holton under the firm name of Holton and Alexander. This firm continued until January 1, 1904, and since then Mr. Alexander has been a member of the firm of Alexander, Parrish & KSrner, the other mem- bers being F. M. Parrish and Gilmer Kbrner, Jr. In 1915 the firm became Alexander & Korner.

Major Alexander has had a large and successful practice in both the state and federal courts and before the departments in Washington. He was the attorney who effected the consolidation of the then separate postoffices of Winston and Salem in 1898. He was chairman of the committee of the board of trade on consolidation of the two municipalities of Winston and Salem, and as such prepared the bill and plan for the consolidation of these two cities in 1913. He has found many opportunities to use his profession and his individual influence to forward important local movements. He has served as town attorney of the Town of Salem, city attorney of the City of Winston, and county attorney of Forsyth County. He is a member

of the North Carolina and American Bar Asso- ciations.

Major Alexander is a member and past exalted- ruler of Winston Lodge No. 449, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; member of Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons; Piedmont Commandery of the Knights Templar, and Centerville Council No. 20, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He is also an active member of the Twin City Club. His law offices are in the O'Hanlon Building and his home at 1120 West Fourth Street, Winston-Salem.

He has been twice married. Feburary 15, 1905, he married Miss Edith Kincaid Butler. She was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, October 20, 1878, but before her marriage lived at Raleigh, North Carolina. Her parents were Henry Chase Butler, who was born January 6, 1840, at Kennebunkport, Maine, and now lives in Greensboro, North Caro- lina, and Lucy J. Ross, his wife, born at Great Falls, New Hampshire, March 2, 1840, and died 1910. Lucy Ross was a daughter of John and Abbie (Kincaid) Ross. Mrs. Alexander, who died October 19, 1910, was a graduate of Peace Institute of Raleigh and the Emerson School of Oratory at Boston.

On August 26, 1916, Major Alexander married Miss Lilla Young, who was born at Charlotte, North Carolina, May 20, 1877, daughter of Major John Graham Young and Lucy Winfield, of Win- ston-Salem.

David Gaston Worth was one of North Caro- lina's greatest men, whether measured according to the standards of business success or devotion to the public welfare and to those interests and activities which constitute the magnificent har- mony of human life. His career serves to ex- emplify the fact that the acquisition of wealth and power is not inconsistent with a high souled manhood and a practice of the fundamental virtues associated with the Christian religion.

He was the only son of Governor Jonathan Worth, whose career is a part of the general his- tory of North Carolina. Jonathan Worth was North Carolina's provisional governor for two terms and administered that important office until he was deposed during the rigid Reconstruction rule.

The family was founded in North Carolina by Daniel Worth, great-grandfather of David G. Worth. He came to North Carolina in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The family had been established in New England during the seventeenth century and the name became inter- related by marriage with many people of prom- inence. David Worth, father of Governor Worth, was married in Massachusetts to a Miss Gardner. She was a devoted member of the Society of Friends, and in that faith Governor Worth and his brothers and sisters were reared. Most of them in time united with the Presbyterian Church, but they always retained the simplicity of manner and taste that are characteristic of the Friends.

David Gaston Worth was born at Asheboro, North Carolina, December 17, 1831, and died at his home in Wilmington November 21, 1897, when nearly sixty-six years of age. His early education was acquired in his home at Asheboro. At the age of seventeen he entered the University of North Carolina, graduating as one of the first honor men in the class of 1853. In college and in after life he was associated with the Delta Kappa Epsilon

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

15

fraternity. Of his student career one of his old associates, Col. A. M. Waddell, has given the fol- lowing characterization: "Quiet, modest, manly, and kindly, he commanded the respect of faculty and students alike. He possessed more than ordi- nary ability and applied himself with diligence to his studies, while he conscientiously performed every duty. He had none of the vices or bad habits to which young men are so often inclined, although he was full of vivacity. The University never had a student of whom she could more justly be proud, and of late years has had few if any more generous benefactors." Among his class- mates at the university were Col. A. M. Waddell, Col. John D. Taylor, Col. K. 11. Murehison, Col. ■William L. DeRosset, Dubrutz Cutlar and "Walker Meares.

After his graduation from university Mr. Worth married Miss Julia A. Stickney. She remained his devoted companion through all the sunshine of prosperity and through the shadows of suffering and sorrow that clouded the last months of his life. Three of their children came to maturity: Charles W. Worth, who became associated with his father in business and is elsewhere referred to; Dr. George C. Worth, who became a medical missionary in China; and James S. Worth of Wilmington.

After his marriage Mr. Worth entered business in his native town of Asheboro, and in 1861 came to Wilmington as superintendent of the govern- ment salt works, a position he held throughout the war. At its close he engaged in the general commission business with Mr. N. G. Daniel under the firm name Worth & Daniel. With the death of Mr. Daniel in 1870 the firm became Worth & Worth. He developed the business of this firm to preeminent success and to a place where it could justly and easily rank with any of the greatest commercial houses of the South. More important than the volume of its business and the wide extent of its trade relationships were the qualities of justice and integrity which became associated far and wide as synonymous with the firm name.

Mr. Worth served as president of the Produce Exchange and the Chamber of Commerce of Wilmington, and while he was absolutely free from ambition for political honors, he rendered a serv- ice to his city and state far beyond the possibil- ities of any political position. For several years he served as a member of the board of aldermen, was a member of Wilmington Steam Fire Engine Company No. 1, and belonged to Wilmington Lodge No. 319, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. For many years he was a trustee of the University of North Carolina, and was one of the most liberal benefactors of the Wilmington Young Men 's Christian Association. Through his church, the First Presbyterian, he gave an unexampled devo- tion. He transferred his membership to the church at Wilmington in 1864, was elected a deacon in December, 1S68, and in November, 1891, became a ruling elder.

In the career of such a man the material achieve- ments and the positions he held may be passed over with brief comment. The important thing is to find the real significance and the meaning of his life and character. From out the mass of tributes paid him after his death by a host of friends and associates, all men of high position in the world's regard, only a brief quotation can be made, and of sentences that apparently come closest to striking the keynote of his life.

In the memorial exercises conducted by the

Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Iredell Meares said in part :

' ' The success of Mr. Worth was not the success of a brilliant hero. It was not the success of the statesman who has dealt with great state ques- tions. It was not the success of the publicist who has dealt with the great problems of finance and economics. He did not essay to influence the mul- titudes. He exerted it over the individual in the conduct of his early life.

' ' He was successful as a merchant, through honorable means, and accumulated a large fortune, but his highest success, apparently his highest aim in life, was the development of an ennobling indi- vidual manhood.

"It is not the admiration that the public pays to a great man who had occupied great positions and rendered great public services with which this community today has paid its respect to his mem- ory. It is a sentiment nearer and tenderer than admiration. It is the appreciation lovingly paid to one whose universal kindness has been experienced and recognized in this community over a long period of years. ' '

As an estimate perhaps the most impressive was that conveyed by Doctor Alderman in the memorial services held at the University of North Carolina. A portion of Doctor Alderman 's address is as fol- lows:

"Well born, well reared, well endowed, well educated, David Gaston Worth entered upon life as one fit and worthy of success. He found his work immediately in what we are accustomed to regard, falsely enough, as the more toilsome and more mechanical employment of trade. For over a generation in the city of Wilmington he gave the strength of his brain, his energy, his character to the work of his choice, only laying it down under the stress of declining health.

"It was my fortune to know Mr. Worth much better perhaps than men of my age can usually know men of his. I knew him in his home, so clear, so just and withal so tender; I knew him in his great business, zealous, far-sighted, upright, honest as the day; I knew him in his church, humble, tolerant, heedful of every just cry of suf- fering or distress ; I knew him in the counsels of this University, silent and sagacious, but with a touch of boyish love and sentiment for Alma Mater lighting up, as with a flame, the stern self restraint of his character; I knew him in society, modest, approachable, kindly, lacking in forwardness but instant in good action, and impelling a wholesome respect and a trifle of awe by reason of the native dignity of the man and a feeling that he had not uttered all of himself.

"Knowing him thus and having in mind also our great roll of distinguished men, I yet declare to you young gentlemen that this University has nourished on her broad bosom no worthier son, nor one who better used the time appointed him to live.

"The spell of the world and the glamor and pride of it did not fall across his path, neither did any fevers of ambition fret and waste his well ordered days. Wealth came to him honestly won, children grew up around him worthy of his name, friends multiplied about him, duties came with power, and were not shirked.

' ' Through the inevitable conflict of life upon which we enter so often full of hope and belief and faith, and out of which we drop so soon dis- illusioned and weary and bitter, he had the strength to keep the first bloom of his youth quite unas-

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

sailed, and even the power, at last, to look with ealra, untroubled eyes through the awful mystery of physical pain and anguish at the glorious, dis- tant scene. And this is why a whole state has watched with sympathy at the bedside of a simple gentleman adorning a private station, as' a king might be proud to adorn his throne, and mourns the loss of one who illustrated in its highest form the dignity and majesty of republican citizenship.

' ' The thing most worthy to be learned from the life of our comrade is this — there is dignity and even glory in all upright life however hidden from public gaze, and any bit of good work into which heart and blood and nerve have gone is by that token immortal. If a man will but work, however various or lowly that work may be, whether upon the bare canvas, the unhewn stone, the human mind or heart, or merely rough labor of the hands, there shall come a splendor into his days and his work shall live.

' ' The stranger passing through Memorial Hall where we have ranged our dead, is shown this tablet and that, and told, 'here is the jurist, the statesman, the soldier or .the ruler.'

' ' The tablet bearing the name of David Gaston Worth shall commemorate a Christian gentleman, who lived the good life and did not ever fail in his work, and his fame shall vie with them all."

Kemp Plummer Battle, Sr., LL. D. In the ap- plication of their talents, energies and industry to the betterment of mankind and the improvement of social and economic conditions, the members of the Battle family have long been distinguished not only in their home state of North Carolina, but throughout the South and the entire nation.

One of this family is Dr. Kemp Plummer Battle, Sr., known as ' ' the grand old man ' ' of the State University of North Carolina. He was born near Louisburg, North Carolina, December 19, 1831, a son of William Horn and Lucy Martin (Plummer) Battle. He was graduated in the classical course from the University of North Carolina in 1849, and in 1852 took his Master of Arts degTee. He received the honorary degree LL. D. from Davidson College and the University of North Carolina. From 1849 to 1854 Doctor Battle was a tutor in the university and being then admitted to the bar conducted an active practice until 1876.

Doctor Battle is one of the last surviving mem- bers of the recession convention of North Carolina of 1861. Prom 1866 to 1868 he served as state treasurer. In 1876 he gave up his law practice to become president of the University of North Caro- lina, and held that office until 1891. From that year until 1907 he was professor of history, and the state owes much to him for his work in original historical research. He is the author of the ' ' His- tory of the University of North Carolina" in two volumes, covering the annals of that institution from 1795 to 1868. Of the many other writings and historical monographs of which he is author or editor may be mentioned the following: His- tory of the Supreme Court of North Carolina; His- tory of Raleigh; Trials and Judicial Proceedings of the New Testament; Life of General Jethro Sumner; Old Schools and Teachers of North Caro- lina; Otway Burns — Privateer and Legislator; and Annotator of tlie Series of Snrunt Monographs.

Doctor Batt'e is now retired on the Carnegie Foundation. November 28, 1855, he married Martha Ann Battle of Edo-ecombe County, North Carolina. Doctor Battle has four sons who have also gained eminent rank in the various profes-

sions. K. P. Battle, Jr., is a prominent physician of Raleigh; Thomas H. Battle, banker and cotton mill owner at Rocky Mount, North Carolina; Her- bert B. Battle, formerly state chemist of North Carolina and now head of the Battle Chemical Laboratory of Montgomery, Alabama; and Wil- liam James Battle, who has served as dean and act- ing president of the University of Texas and now professor of Greek in the University of Cincinnati — sons whose character and worth are in a fine sense the continued achievements of their honored

Kemp Plummer Battle, Jr., M. D. The oldest son of the venerable Dr. K. P. Battle of Chapel Hill, former president of the University of North Carolina, Dr. Kemp Plummer Battle, Jr., has long enjoyed an enviable position of prominence in the medical profession of his native state. He is a specialist in diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, and for thirty years has been actively associated with another great specialist of North Carolina, Dr. R. H. Lewis.

Doctor Battle was born at Raleigh March 9, 1859. With the ideals a,nd inspiration that came from an ideal home life, he was also given the liberal advantages of the best schools at home and abroad. At the age of twelve he entered the Bing- ham School at Mebane under Col. William Bingham and Maj. Robert Bingham. In 1875 he entered the University of North Carolina where he was graduated A. B. in 1879. Other men of that grad- uating class who received the approbation of the world for their good deeds were Governor F. D. Winston, Judge R. W. Winston, Bishop Strange, Judge J. S. Manning, Dr. J. M. Manning and Mr. W. J. Peele.

After leaving the university he began the study of medicine at Chapel Hill and in 1881 graduated M. D. from the University of Virginia. In 1882 he received a similar degree from the Bellevue Hos- pital Medical College of New York. Since 1882 he has been a member of the State Medical So- ciety. After graduation he served as interne at Charity Hospital on Blackwell 's Island, New York, and in the Blackwell 's Island Lunatic Asylum, and during 1884-85 was assistant surgeon in the United States Marine Hospital service, being stationed at New York, Pittsburgh, Memphis and New Orleans. This experience was of the greatest importance to his subsequent career.

In 1886 Doctor Battle began practice at Raleigh with Dr. E. H. Lewis, and this firm existed for twenty-eight years. Then in November, 1914, Dr. John B. Wright, one of the prominent younger members of the profession in this state was ad- mitted to partnership, and the firm is now Lewis, Battle & Wright.

Doctor Battle studied at the London Ophthalmic Hospital, the London Throat Hospital and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, and has taken many other post-graduate courses. He was honored as president of the Wake County Medical Society in 1913, belongs to the Raleigh Academy of Medi- cine, and the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Laryngology. He is one of the ophthalmolo- gists to the North Carolina State School for the Blind, one of the visiting oculists and aurists to the Rex and St. Agnes hospitals at Raleigh, is local oculist for the Seaboard Air Line Railway, and from 1885 to 1914 was professor of physiology in the Leonard Medical School, and from 1902 to 1910 was professor of diseases of throat and nose in the medical department of the University of

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North Carolina. In 191.'! Doctor Battle was made a fellow of the American College of Surgeons.

From 1897 to 1900 Doctor Battle was a member of the State Medical Examining Board, and in that position perhaps did his greatest service to the state at large. Referring to his work on the board one of his colleagues has said that there probably had never served on the Board of Medical Exam- iners since its organization in 1859 a member more painstaking and careful than Doctor Battle.

Doctor Battle is a Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity man, belongs to the Raleigh Country Club, and is a director of the Mechanics Savings Bank of Raleigh. On February 4, 1890, he married Miss Eliza X. McKee, a daughter of the late Dr. Wil- liam H. McKee, reference to whom is made on other pages.

Herbert Bemerton Battle, former chemist of the North Carolina State Board of Health, but now a resident of Montgomery, Alabama, is a son of Dr. Kemp P. Battle, former president of the Uni- versity of North Carolina.

He was born at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, May 29, 1862. was educated in the university from which he received the degree Bachelor of Science in 1881, and Doctor of Philosophy in 1887. From 1881 to 1887 he was assistant chemist of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, and from 1887 to 1897 was state chemist and director in charge of the North Carolina Agricultural Ex- periment Station. Doctor Battle was president of the Southern Chemical Company at Winston, North Carolina, in 1897-1901, and from 19.02 to 1906 was connected with the Southern Cotton Oil Company at Savannah. Georgia, and Montgomery, Alabama. Since 1906 he has been president of the Battle Laboratory Corporation at Montgomery, Alabama.

His service as chemist for the North Carolina State Board of Health was from 1887 to 1897. He was also chemist with the North Carolina Geologi- cal Survey from 1887 to 1892, and was professor of chemistry in the Leonard Medical School at Raleigh from 1886 to 1897. He is a fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the American Chemical Society, and is also widely known as an author on chemical subjects. With F. D. Dancy he is author of "Chemical Conversion Tables," published in 1885, and with W. J. Gascoyne of "Chemical Con- version Tables" published in 1909. On November 25, 1885. Doctor Battle married Alice M. Wilson of Morganton, North Carolina.

William James Battle. Ph. D., dean of the faculty of the University of Texas, Austin, is a North Carolina man, one of the distinguished sons of the venerable Dr. K. P. Battle, who for many years was connected with the University of North Carolina as professor and president.

Born at Raleish November 30, 1870, William J. Battle graduated with honors and the degree A. B. from the University of North Carolina in 1888. He received a Master of Arts degTee from Harvard University in 1891, and a Ph. D. degTee in 1893, holding a Thayer Scholarship one year and a Morgan Fellowship two years.

For the session of 1889-1890 he was instructor in Latin at the University of North Carolina and was appointed tutor in Latin at the University of Chicago in 1893, but resigned to become associate professor of Greek at the University of Texas. This position he held till he was made professor of Greek in 1898. From 1908 to 1911 he was dean Vol. v— a

of the College of Arts, and since 1911 has been dean of the faculty. Besides holding these positions he served as acting president from 1914 to 1916.

He is a fellow of the Texas Academy of Science, a member of the American Philological Association, of the Archeological Institute of America, the Hellenic Society of London, the Archeological So- ciety of Athens, Greece, the Texas Historical Asso- ciation, in which he is a member of the executive council. He belongs to the Zeta Psi Fraternity, is a former president of the University Club of Austin and a former secretary of the Town and Gown Club.

Richard Henry Battle, who died in 1912, was one of North Carolina 's most distinguished lawyers. Members of the Battle family that has so singularly enriched the professional honors of North Carolina he was born at Louisburg, North Carolina, December 3, 1835, son of William Horn and Lucy Martin (Plummer) Battle. ■ He was graduated A. B. and A. M. from the Uni- versity of North Carolina, receiving the former degree in 1854 and the latter in 1856, and in 1858 received his degree in the law department of the university and in 1895 was awarded the honorary title LL. D. Beginning practice in 1858 he was clerk and master in equity during 1861-62, but had in the meantime entered the Confederate army at the beginning of the war. He was nominated for first lieutenant and afterward for captain quartermaster, but resigned on account of ill health before getting his commission. During 1862-65 he was private secretary to Governor Z. B. Vance and also filled the office of state auditor. After the war he practiced law at Raleigh continuously until his death. In 1886 he was appointed judge of the Superior Court of North Carolina but declined that office.

He was president and attorney of the North Carolina Home Insurance Company, director and attorney of the Citizens National Bank of Raleigh, of the Raleigh Cotton Mills, of the Neuse River Mill, was president of the trustees of Rex Hospital, the Raleigh Cemetery Association and the Rainey Library. For many years he served as a member of the State Democratic Committee and was its chairman from 1884 to 1888. He took a very prom- inent part in the Episcopal Church, serving as a delegate to the General Convention in 1889 to 1904. He was a member of the Historical Society of North Carolina and was trustee, secretary and treasurer of the University of North Carolina and a trustee and attorney of St. Mary's School at Raleigh. He married November 28, 1860, Annie Ruffin Ashe, who died in 1883.

Lieutenant General D. H. Hill. As one of North Carolina 's lieutenant generals during the Confederate war, Daniel Harvey Hill has been one of the famous figures and personalities of the state for two generations, and his service record as a soldier and leader in that mighty conflict is destined to be read by every succeeding generation.

It is not the purpose of this brief article to evaluate his work as a soldier. That is a large subject in itself and the data and records furnish- ing such an appreciation are to be found in many of the public works on the great war. Perhaps the most complete and adequate monograph on the subject is the "Memorial Address on the Life and Character of Lieutenant General D. H. Hill" prepared by Judge A. C. Avery of the Supreme

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Court of North Carolina. This was published twenty-five years ago. The present object is to furnish a concise biography of General Hill, con- taining only a suggestive outline of his military services.

He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His paternal grandfather William Hill, a native of the north of England, first settled in Pennsylvania and later came south with some of his fellow country- men through the Valley of Virginia and western North Carolina and settled in South Carolina. With Colonel Hayne as a partner he built in 1770 an iron foundry in York District. It was the only foundry south of Virginia where cannons were cast for the use of the Colonial armies in the Eevolution. William Hill served as lieutenant colonel of Sumpter 's Legion in the Eevolution and fought in many engagements. Colonel Hill was wounded just before the Battle of King 's Moun- tain, but he went to that field as a volunteer and was invited by the commanding officer to share in determining the plan of attack. After the war for twenty years he was representative of his dis- trict in the State Senate of South Carolina. Two of his sons served as soldiers in the War of 1812.

The parents of General Hill were Solomon and Nancy (Cabeen) Hill. His mother was a daughter of Thomas Cabeen, a native Scotchman whom General Sumpter called "the bravest man in his command. ' ' Daniel Harvey Hill was born in the York District of South Carolina July 21, 1821, and was only four years old when his father died. He and four other children were reared to man- hood by their pious and cultured mother. She exacted of her sons the most rigid observance of the Sabbath. General Hill was always devoted to his religious duties, and in his constant trust in a higher power his character was very similar to that of Gen. Stonewall Jackson and General Lee.

He early manifested a military ambition, and though he possessed a frail constitution and rather delicate health he was accepted for entrance to the West Point Military Academy in 1838. He was member of a famous class, some of his asso- ciates who afterwards became distinguished in the Confederate army being Generals Longstreet, A. P. Stewart, G. W. Smith, B. H. Anderson and Van Dorn.

He graduated from West Point in 1842. In August, 1845, he was ordered into active service for the war with Mexico as a second lieutenant. He participated in nearly every battle fought in the commands of Scott and Taylor, rose to the rank of first lieutenant and for gallant conduct at Contreras and Cherubuseo was brevetted cap- tain. He again distinguished himself by his bravery at Chapultepec, winning for himself a second brevet as major. He was one of the six officers in the entire army in Mexico who was twice brevetted for meritorious service upon the field. Later he was one of the two soldiers of South Carolina awarded swords in pursuance of an act of the State Legislature, providing such honors for the bravest of the soldiers in the war with Mexico.

At the end of the Mexican war Major Hill resigned his place in the army and became pro- fessor of mathematics in Washington College at Lexington, Virginia. Six years later he assumed the same professorship in Davidson College in North Carolina, and was connected with that institution five years. He was one of the first men in the South not only to foresee but to take

action in anticipation of the inevitable conflict between the North and the South. Iu these modern times the people of America have a keen understanding of what is meant by "military preparedness. ' ' General Hill in his time exempli- fied that idea and principle in the highest degree. In 1859 he gave up his congenial duties at David- son College to become commandant and manager of the Military Institute at Charlotte. In the spring of 1861 Governor Ellis invited him as a trained soldier and veteran officer to take com- mand of the citizen soldiery of North Carolina at Ealeigh and he is distinguished as command- ing the first camp of instruction in North Caro- lina preparatory to the war between the states. In passing it should be mentioned that General Hill was a keen judge of personal military efficiency, and he designated and recommended for promotion and was instrumental in bringing out a number of men whose names the Confederacy will always honor as among its most distinguished officers.

After the outbreak of hostilities he first went into action at the battle of Bethel with the rank of colonel. After this battle he was issued a com- mission as brigadier general by Governor Ellis, but the appointment was delayed until Septem- ber, 1861. During the following weeks he was assigned the command of the coast of North Carolina with the duty, as far as possible, of con- structing fortifications wherever necessary. He brought all his energies to bear upon this work, but early in December, 1861, was ordered into the army of -Northern Virginia under General Johnston. A few weeks later he was promoted to major general, and during the year 1862 he was one of the division commanders in the successive battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines, and in the Seven Days battle around Mechanics- ville, Gaines Mill and Malvern Hill. He shared with his division in the hard fighting of the Maryland Campaign and at South Mountain, Sharpsburg and through all the tremendous and almost constant fighting in which these battles were central points Major General Hill and his men were almost constantly in posts of danger, stubbornly resisting the onslaught of the foe or brilliantly forcing some strategic point of the line. In February, 1863, he was at the request of Governor Vance, detached for a time from his division to assume command in the State of North Carolina. From this state he was recalled a. few weeks later to Petersburg, Virginia, and was put in command of the department extending from the James to the Cape Fear. He was in command of the troops left to defend Bichmond when Gen- eral Lee invaded Pennsylvania.

In 1863 President Davis informed General Hill that he was to be appointed a lieutenant general and was ordered to report to the western army. He was one of the commanders under Bragg at the battle of Chickamauga, and as a result of the unfortunate reverses that befell the Confederate arms in that campaign General Hill reluctantly subscribed his name with those of other generals to the petition for Bragg 's removal from the office of commanding general of the western army. President Davis came to believe that General Hill was the originator of this plan, and visited him with so much ill favor that General Hill was practically deprived of any important campaign until the last months of the war. President Davis did not send the name of General Hill for confirmation as lieutenant general and the latter

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was not reinstated in command of his corps until Sherman's forces had begun the invasion of the Carolinas. He was assigned the duty of impeding, with the remnant of the grand Army of Tennessee, the advance of the victorious hosts of Sherman and disputed that advance until "it was useless to contend further. As one biographer states: ' ' Hill 's reputation as a soldier depends in no wise upon successful running. This final retreat was the first and last in which he took a leading part. ' '

After the war General Hill devoted himself to journalism and teaching. He was editor of The Land We Love and subsequently of The Southern Home and through these publications he did much to defend the dignity and reputation of the heroes and leaders of the Lost Cause. His editorials and his opinions upon a great variety of subjects are characterized by terse and clear language as a result of his habits of thought and study. He also wrote two religious works.

To conclude this sketch should be quoted the last two paragraphs of Judge Avery's Memorial Address:

' ' Unmoved in the presence of danger, schooled to hide his emotion for suffering in the critical time of battle, and forced by a sense of duty to show his bitter scorn for cowardice and treachery, it was the exclusive privilege of his family, his staff and his closest friends to fathom the depths of his true nature. The soldiers who saw him on camp or field could as little conceive of the humble Christian who, in the long hours of the night, pleaded with his God to spare their lives and save their souls, as they could of the affectionate father, the loving husband, the sympathizing friend, and the bountiful benefactor of the poor and helpless, known only to the favored few. A writer who in his last days was admitted to Jthe inner circle of his friends, has so beautifully expressed his idea of his true character that I cannot do better than reproduce it as not an overdrawn picture from the standpoint of one who served on his staff, had free access to his home circle, and observed and studied his motives and conduct:

' ' ' Fancy a man in whom the grim determina- tion of a veteran warrior is united to a gentle tenderness of manner which would not be inappro- priate to the most womanly of women ; affix a pair of eyes that possess the most indisputably honest and kindly expression; animate him with a mind clear, deep and comprehensive, and imbued with a humor as rich as it is deep and effective; infuse man and mind with a soul which in its lofty views compels subordination of the material to the spiritual, and holds a supreme trust in the wisdom and goodness of the Almighty — is zealous in the discharge of duty and looks with scorn on all that is mean and sinful. Add to all these a carriage that is indomitable, and a love of truth and honor which is sublime, and you have the earthly embodiment of D. H. Hill ! ' " ■ General Hill married November 2, 1852, Isabella Morrison, oldest, daughter of Rev. Dr. B. H. Morrison. Her grandfather- General Joseph Graham was a distinguished soldier of the Revolution and father of Governor William A. Graham.

Daniel Harvey Hill, of Raleigh, formerly president of the North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering, is sprung from a. family of educators and writers. His father was president of the University of Arkansas and his grandfather was president of the Davidson

College. Doctor Hill resigned the presidency of the State College in July, 1916, in order to write North Carolina's Confederate Military History. The volumes on which he is now engaged will give the social as well as the military history of North Carolina during the Civil War. The work is being done on a foundation endowed by Mr. Robert H. Ricks, of Rocky Mouut. The con- dition of Mr. Ricks' endowment of the Founda- tion through the North Carolina Confederate Veterans' Association was that Dr. Hill could be secured to prepare these memorial volumes. Under these circumstances he felt it his duty to resign from an institution with which he had been con- nected for twenty-seven years and devote his remaining years to the history of his people dur- ing the most trying episode in their existence.

Doctor Hill was born at Davidson College in 1859. He is a son of Lieut.-Gen. Daniel Harvey Hill, of the Confederate army, and a great-grand- son of Col. William Hill of the Revolutionary war. His mother, Isabella Morris Hill, was a daughter of Rev. R. H. Morrison and a granddaughter of Gen. Joseph Graham of the Revolution. Doctor Hill was prepared for college at the Military Institute at Charlotte and at Horner and Grave's Military Academy at Hillsboro. In 1880 he was graduated from Davidson College. In 1885 the degree of Master of Arts was conferred on him, and in 1905 the degree of Lit. D. by the same institution. In 1910 the University of North Carolina conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws.

From 1880 to 1889 he was professor of Eng- lish in the Georgia Military and Agricultural College at Milledgeville. In 1889 he was called to the Chair of English in the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and held that position until 1908, when he was elected president to succeed Pres. George T. Winston. He served as president until 1916, when he retired to devote his life to historical work.

For years Doctor Hill has been employing his talents for research and his literary ability in preserving the history of his state. He is the author of "North Carolina Troops in the Civil War," published in 1899; "Greene's Retreat," a booklet issued in 1901; "Young People's His- tory of North Carolina," published in 1907. In collaboration with two of his associates he aided in 1903 in the preparation of ' ' Agriculture for Beginners, ' ' a widely used text-book, and with the same associates edited the "Hill Readers," a series of five volumes, published in 1906. Many other of his articles on historical and literary subjects have been printed in magazines and pamphlets.

Having an industrious temperament and a versatile mind, Doctor Hill has never been content to spend all his time in his study or in the shadow of college walls. He has been an active partici- pant in many forms of state and national life. He was one of the founders of the State Literary and Historical Association and of the Southern Educational Association. He was president of the State Teachers ' Assembly in 1909, of the State Forestry Association in 1910, of the State Folk Lore Society in 1916. For some years he was a member of the Executive Committee of the American Association of Agricultural colleges. In 1907 Governor Glenn appointed him a member of the North Carolina Historical Commission. At the opening of the great European war he accepted the Chairmanship of the North Carolina

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

Council of Defense, and has organized and developed that useful body of zealous workers.

In July 1885, he married Pauline White, daughter of Dr. Samuel G. White of Milledge- ville, Georgia. Doctor and Mrs. Hill have five children, namely, Pauline, Daniel Harvey, Jr., Elizabeth, Samuel White, and Randolph.

Alexander. Eodntree Foushee. The founding and maintaining of large business enterprises which have entered into and been a part of the life of a community, are achievements in which any man may take a measure of pride as years pass by, whatever else he may worthily have accom- plished. One who has had much to do with the important business interests of Roxboro for many years, is Alexander Rountree Foushee, who is president of the Peoples Bank of this city.

Alexander Rountree Foushee was born March 31, 1839, in Person County, North Carolina, prob- ably of Revolutionary stock, and certainly of stable and dependable ancestral lines. His parents were Adnah Campbell and Frances (Rountree) Foushee. His father in the old days, was a farmer and a manufacturer of furniture. He reared his family in comparative comfort and his children were set an example of industry and uprightness.

When Alexander R. Foushee was a boy, the private tutor and the private schools were general educational features in the South rather more fre- quently perhaps at that time than in the North, where the public school system was a little earlier inaugurated, but after his preliminary training was over, the youth attended an academy at Lees- burg. A natural inclination toward a business life led to his becoming a clerk in a general store and he was learning the mercantile business at the time the Civil war became a fact. He entered the Confederate army and because of his clerk- ing experience, was detailed clerk in the office of Col. Peter Matille, at Raleigh and continued as military clerk until the end of the war, when he returned to private life.

In 1865 Mr. Foushee embarked in the mercantile business at Roxboro and for thirty-five years was the leading merchant here, carrying a heavy stock and supplying merchandise to a wide territory. He did not confine his energies, however, to one line, of activity, but interested himself in various directions and gave substantial encouragement to many enterprises that have since become prosper- ous. Mr. Foushee carried on farming for many years, operated a tannery and also engaged in the manufacture of tobacco for the market, and was one of the first capitalists to recognize the expedi- ency of starting what has become the great cotton mill industry. At present he is vice president of the Roxboro Cotton Mill, and since. 1915, has been president of the Peoples Bank. While his busi- ness interests have often been absorbing, Mr. Foushee has not forgotten the responsible position in which a capitalist stands in relation to his com- munity and fellow citizens, and his liberality to worthy causes has many times been shown. He has acceptably filled positions of public trust, serv- ing for many years as a magistrate, also one term as county treasurer, and was county commissioner two years and trustee of Wake Forest College many years.

Mr. Foushee was married first on January 5, 1869, to Miss Bettie Wilkerson, of Person County, who was survived by three sons: Judge Howard Alexander, deceased, mentioned on other pages; William Linwood of Durham, also mentioned on

other pages, who is a practicing attorney; and James Louis, who died while preparing for a medical career.

The second marriage of Mr. Foushee took place on July 17, 1906, to Miss Alice M. Tucker, who belongs to a rather noted old family of Charlotte County, Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Foushee are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. For many years he was identified with the Masonic Fraternity at Roxboro and has been a member of the chapter at Hillsboro, North Carolina.

Howard Alexander Foushee was born at Rox- boro, Person . County, North Carolina, May 13, 1870, and died at Durham January 31, 1916, in his forty-sixth year. Death came to him early. But few men at any age are able to leave behind them sucli clear-cut and distinctive records of undoubted high service, a living under the highest ideals, and finished and perfected achievements. A host of friends, leaders of the bench and bar, the public press, the pulpit, all bore tribute to his life, and to describe his career and furnish a just and adequate appreciation of the manner of man he was is a task limited only by the handicap of space and involving a selection of the more pertinent things that have been written and spoken.

He was well described as one of the gentlest, one of the strongest, one of the purest of men, and the facts which bear out that testimony are per- haps most succinctly and fittingly stated by James S. Manning of Raleigh, former justice of the Su- preme Court of North Carolina, and at one time a law partner of Judge Foushee. Judge Manning made the memorial address to Mr. Foushee at the meeting of the North Carolina Bar Association, and from the minutes of that association the fol- lowing sentences are largely taken.

The oldest son of Alexander R. and Elizabeth Foushee, he was reared in his native town of Rox- boro, where he attended the public schools and later Henderson Academy. In 1885 he entered Wake Forest College, and was graduated as val- edictorian of his class at the commencement of 1889, having attained the Master of Arts degree in four years. He taught school as so many lawyers have done to test the accuracy of their scholarship, to have the time to digest more thoroughly their own learning, to have time to read and think, to study character as it is manifested and developed in children and to earn a livelihood. Judge Foushee taught in Selma, Durham, Charlotte and in Mur- freesboro, beginning the study of law in the last named place under Judge B. B. Winborne. He completed his law course at the University of North Carolina in the summer of 1893 and was licensed to practice at the fall term of that year. About November 1, 1893, he entered the law of- fice of J. S. Manning at Durham and the partner- ship of Manning & Foushee was then formed, which continued until June, 1909, when the senior member was appointed to the Supreme Court bench of the state.

Mr. Foushee represented Durham County in the Legislature of 1899, and was a senator from the Durham District in 1901 and 1905. Upon the resignation of Judge Biggs as the judge of the Superior Court of that district, Judge Foushee was appointed his successor on September 11, 1911, but was compelled on account of ill health to resign on September 21, 1913. For several years Judge Foushee was the chairman of the Demo- cratic Executive Committee of Durham, and under

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his careful, wise and efficient leadership the demo- cratic party did not fail to carry tie county; and it has since been continuously democratic. Judge Foushee was an organizer of great ability; he was painstaking, active, persistent and wise. He took no chances and wasted no opportunity to strengthen his party. He knew the people of his county well and they knew and trusted him. A man of the highest character, of unyielding in- tegrity, of the highest sense of honor, of clean life, of splendid common sense, he made an ideal leader, implicitly trusted by his fellows.

As a lawyer he was careful, studious, wise in counsel, addressing his thought and research to the main questions involved. As a man he was of the strictest integrity, gentle, considerate, sincere, sympathetic, always ready to advise and counsel his younger brethren. As a citizen he possessed strong and well considered opinions, always advocating those measures which made for the uplift and betterment of his community. When his own judgment and conscience approved a measure, he became its fearless advocate, but while fearless in its advocacy he was neither rash nor abusive of those who might differ from him. His nature was too gentle and his wisdom too broad, to permit him to indulge in abuse as the means to strengthen a righteous and just cause. As a friend he was loyal and devoted, no under- taking was too great for him to attempt for his friends, but he was withal frank and candid.

As a judge of the Superior Court he was dig- nified, impartial, courteous, deeply conscientious in his efforts to discharge his duties in such a way as to have the approval of his judgment and his conscience, and in such a way as accorded with his conception of how should be discharged the duties of the most important and useful office in our system of Government. Of his service on the bench I quote the language of R. H. Sykes of the Durham bar in his address at the memorial ceremony of the Durham lawyers: "In the two years during which Judge Foushee presided over our Superior Court he visited many counties of the state and from every section the judgment of those with whom he came in contact was that in temperament, character, ability and industry, and with all the qualities that go with the making of a judge of this honorable court, he was ideally endowed. To the lawyers practicing before him he was courteous and affable, firm and resolute in his judgment ; to the court officials, witnesses and litigants he was agreeable and sociable. And to all classes he was the same straightforward, high- minded Christian gentleman that he had been dur- ing all the previous years of his life. Elevation to high and responsible public office did not cor- rode the pure gold of his nature, nor affect him with those vanities which under similar conditions so often betoken the littleness of human nature. His court was one of dignity without austerity; of accomplishment without bluster, and of justness without harshness."

"Having known Judge Foushee intimately for many years," says Judge Manning, "I can say that he was the most dependable man I have ever known — dependable in judgment, in friendship, in character, in integrity, in his common sense and in the correctness of his conclusions and in his convictions. His life was so well spent and he so lived that when 'his summons came to join the innumerable caravan' it found him ready with the simple faith and assured confidence of an earnest and devoted Christian."

To the words of Judge Manning, charged with fullness of meaning and appreciation, it would be difficult to add from the numerous other tributes at hand anything that would give a more adequate estimate of the iife and services of Judge Foushee. The one other quotation permissable is from the Raleigh News and Observer, which contained the following editorial :

' ' The early days of a man 's life are the days which tell in the after years. From that reason it could but be expected that Howard Alexander Foushee would prove a man of the staunch and true kind. That was the influence of the home surroundings of young Foushee in the days in which he grew to manhood in Roxboro. Straight- forwardness and honesty have ever been marked in the life of the sons of Alexander R. Foushee.

"And so former Judge Howard Foushee passes into the Beyond, leaving a high name as a heritage for his children. Forty-six years God gave him, and in those forty-six years he rendered good ac- count of himself in his profession, as a citizen, and in his home life. A Wake Forest graduate, the valedictorian of his class, a graduate in law of the University of North Carolina, he took high place at the bar in Durham, where he located after teaching school for a while. His ability and devotion to principle recognized, he became the democratic chairman in Durham County, repre- sented it in both the house and senate, making reputation of the best as a legislator. Later as a Superior Court judge he added to his reputation, winning encomiums because of his conduct of the courts, the ability with which he presided.

' ' Howard Foushee was of the best type of the young manhood of the state. To know him was to esteem him and the great number of friends whom he won and held found in him a man of the worthy kind, of high ideals, and of faithful service. There will be deep grief among all who knew him that he has been called to answer the final summons. ' '

April 13, 1904, Judge Foushee married Miss Annie Wall, only daughter of Hon. Henry Clay Wall of Rockingham. Surviving the honored hus- band and father are Mrs. Foushee and three chil- dren, Annie Wall, Frances Leak, and Alexander Foushee.

William Linwood Foushee, one of the most scholarly members of the Durham bar, represents a family with steadfast ideals of honor, integrity, and the polish and culture of the old and the new South.

He was born at Roxboro, Person County, North Carolina, a son of Alexander Rountree and Eliza- beth (Wilkerson) Foushee. His father was a merchant and farmer, and not only was the tamily position a most creditable one in the economic af- fairs of Roxboro but the home associations were such as to afford an ideal environment in which young men might grow up and prepare for worthy achievement in the world. Mr. Foushee was the second of three brothers. The oldest was the late Judge Howard A. Foushee, concerning whom an extended sketch appears on other pages. The other and youngest brother, James L. Foushee, died in 1906.

William L. Foushee was educated in the Rox- boro schools, in Wake Forest College, and in 1900 received the degree of Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins University .at Baltimore, and brings, therefore, scholarship to his work in the legal profession. Before taking up the law he spent a number of

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

years in college work, having the Chair of Latin for one year in Mercer University at Macon, Georgia, and for eight years was a member of the faculty of Richmond College in Virginia. In the meantime he studied law at Eichmond College and later in the University of North Carolina. He was licensed to practice law in 1909, and since then has been in general practice at Durham, being an associate of his brother Howard until the latter went on the bench. His interest extends also to civic and social activities of the city in which he lives; he is a director of the Durham Traction Company, president of the Durham Chamber of Commerce, director of the Young Men 's Christian Association, a member of the North Carolina and American Bar Associations, and belongs to the Country Club and the Commonwealth Club of Dur- ham.

William Thomas Wilson, a well known and prominent lawyer of Winston-Salem, represents the sixth consecutive generation of the Wilson family in North Carolina. An old Colonial family, it has furnished a large number of worthy men. and women to the useful service of the state whether in private or public capacity.

The founder of the family in North Carolina was William Wilson, a native of Scotland. He emigrated to the American colonies in 1720, locat- ing in Perquimans County, in what is now the State of North Carolina. He possessed all the rectitude and thrift of the typical Scotchman, and did his task as a pioneer thoroughly. Securing a tract of land, he improved a plantation, and spent the rest of his days in Perquimans County.

His son, Thomas Wilson, was a native of Per- quimans County and spent all his life there. The Christian name Thomas has been a characteristic in practically all the successive generations of the family. This Thomas Wilson, of the second gen- eration, was married about 1770 to Elizabeth Newby. Both were faithful members of the Quaker Church.

Thomas Wilson, of the third generation, grew up on the plantation in Perquimans County and from there moved to the western part of the state to Stokes County. He bought land west of Ker- nersville but several years later moved to Salem and leased the community tavern known as the Old Salem Tavern, which was operated under his supervision as a landlord for some years. This early pioneer of Forsyth County was born in 1783. Though not a member of the Moravian Church his remains were laid to rest in the Moravian grave- yard. He married Elizabeth Johnston, who died when nearly ninety years of age and was laid to rest in the Winston Cemetery.

The City of Winston pays special honor to the memory of the late Thomas Johnston Wilson of the fourth North Carolina generation of the family. Thomas Johnston Wilson was born on a plantation near Kernersville, in what was then Stokes but is now Forsyth County, in 1815. He received most of his early training in the Clem- monsville Academy, and studied law with George C. Mendenhall at Greensboro. He was licensed to practice in 1840. He soon afterwards settled on the present site of Winston. There he had the distinction of erecting the first house. That house was at what is now the corner of Main and Second streets. On the building that now occupies the site is attached a bronze tablet commemorating

the fact that here was the first building erected in Winston and also that its builder was the lawyer and citizen whose name has so many prominent associations. Thomas J. Wilson opened an office for practice at Salem, and continued a member of the Forsyth County bar for fully half a cen- tury. He died in 1900 at the age of eighty-five. His wife, whose name was Julia E. Lindsay was a native of Guilford County, North Carolina, died when about sixty-four. Thomas J. Wilson was always prominent in public affairs. He served as county solicitor for Davidson and Stokea County, and when Forsyth County was organized he filled the same position for that county. He was a member of the convention called to vote upon the question of secession at the beginning of tne war. His personal views were against seces- sion, and he voted that the matter should be referred to the people, but was overruled by a majority of the convention and afterwards he signed his name to the articles of secession. In 1874, after he had b' ?n in practice for more than a generation, he was elected judge of the Eighth Judicial District, and served six months. In 1876 he was elected to the State Senate, and for several terms was mayor of Winston. Among other things he deserves to be remembered as one of the founders of Presbyterianism in Winston. He organized the first Presbyterian Church in 1860 and donated the land on which the church edifice now stands. For many years he was a ruling elder in the congregation. He and his wife reared three children: Thomas A., Josephine E. and Edgar H.

Edgar H. Wilson, of the fifth generation of the family, was born in Winston and was an active business man for many years uitil his death in 1915 at the age of fifty-seven. He served several years as treasurer of the City of Winston and four years as postmaster. For about twenty years he was manager of the Bell Telephone Company. Edgar H. Wilson married Lula A. Champion, who was born in Granville County, North Carolina, daughter of Charles W. and Edna (Thompson) Champion. Her father, a native of North Caro- lina, was a planter in that section of Granville County which is now Vance County. At the out- break of the war he went away as captain of a cavalry company in the Confederate army and was attached to the famous Pickett's Brigade. He was killed in the memorable charge of that brigade at Gettysburg. Mrs. Edgur H. Wilson is still liv- ing at Winston. Her five children were: William T., Edna E., Henry L., Elsie T., and Elizabeth.

William Thomas Wilson, whose line of ancestry has thus been briefly traded, was born at Winston- Salem May 10, 1884. He attended the public schools of Winston, the Salem Boys' School and then entered the University of North Carolina, where he took the course of the law department and was graduated in 1905. Since then he has been in active practice at Winston and has acquired a reputation as a skillful lawyer and gained much prominence in the bar and in the ranks of public spirited citizens.

In 1909 he married Miss Alice Franklin. She was born in Winston, daughter of Walter E. and Alice (Bawls) Franklin, both natives of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have three children : William T., Jr., Thomas J. and Franklin. The family are members of the West End Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Wilson belongs to Twin City Camp No. 27, Woodmen of the World.

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

23

Joseph Conrad Watkins, D. D. S. Of the va- rious professions to which men of talent, ability and broad mental capacity are devoting their lives, not one is of more importance and practical value to mankind than that of dental surgery, a fact that each year is becoming more and more widely recognized. Realizing the pressing need of more scientific methods in the care of teeth, Joseph C. Watkins, D. D. S., of Winston-Salem, one of the foremost dentists, not only of his city, county, and state, but of the United States, is giving his entire attention to his profession, and through con- stant study and experiment is contributing ma- terially toward the perfecting of dentistry as mod- ernly practiced. A son of Dr. Charles J. Watkins, he was born in Yadkin County, North Carolina, November 27, 1873, of pioneer ancestry. His great -grandfather, Joseph Watkins, a Virginian by birth, came to North Carolina when young, and having purchased land in Guilford County, was there engaged in farming until his death, in 1810.

Abel Watkins, the doctor's grandfather, was born in Guilford County, and there grew to man- hood. He, too, made farming his life work, and having settled in Forsyth County, near Kerners- ville, was there employed in agricultural pursuits until his death, in 1872. He married Hannah Teague, a daughter of Isaac Teague, of Davidson County, and to them eleven children were born.

Charles J. Watkins was born on the home farm, near Kernersville, August 4, 1836, and began his education in the district schools. Later, after at- tending Smith Grove Academy, he taught school in Forsyth, Davie and Davidson counties. Abandon- ing the teacher 's desk in 1862, he enlisted as a private in the Sixteenth North Carolina Battalion, and was made first sergeant of his company, later being promoted to brigade forage sergeant, and continuing as such' to the close of the conflict. In 1S66, he entered the Old Pennsylvania Dental College, from which he was graduated in the fall of 1S68. Beginning the practice of dentistry in Kernersville, he remained there until 1873, when he removed to Salem, where he was one of the leading dentists during the remainder of his life, his death occurring there June 14, 1900.

Dr. Charles J. Watkins married, in 1873, Flora C. Conrad. She was born in Yadkin County, a daughter of John Joseph and Elizabeth (Stauber) Conrad, and granddaughter of John and Catherine (Romig) Conrad, whose ancestors emigrated from Germany to this country, and settled as pioneers in North Carolina. Her father was a successful agriculturist of Yadkin County, and at his death his body was interred beside that of his wife in the family burying ground, on the home plantation. Although Mr. Conrad was an extensive holder of slaves, he never sold but two, and they were in- corrigible.

Dr. Charles J. Watkins was one of the charter members of the North Carolina State Dental So- ciety, and served as a member of its examining board. He was a devoted member of the First Baptist Church, in which he served as a deacon for dnnny years, and was one of the prime movers in the building of both the old and the new church edifices of that denomination. He was an earnest advocate of temperance, even at a time when many in favor of that movement hesitated to admit their interest in the cause. He and his good wife, who now resides in Winston, on Main Street, reared three children, namely: Josenh Conrad; William Henry; and Alice Elizabeth, wife of

Talcott N. Brewer, of Raleigh, North Carolina, William Henry is proprietor of a large book and stationery store in Winston-Salem, and his daugh- ter, Mildred Elizabeth, is a pupil in Meredith Col- lege, at Raleigh.

After his graduation from the Boys' School in Salem, Joseph Conrad Watkins entered Wake Forest College, from which he was graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1897. In the meantime, with characteristic ambition, he had taken, in the same institution, the full course in law, and was grad- uated with the degree of LL. B. In addition to completing both the literary and the law course during the four years he was in that institution, Mr. Watkins was assistant teacher of chemistry. In February, 1897, going before the Supreme Court for examination, he obtained a license to practice law, and was admitted to the bar, being introduced in Winston-Salem by Hon. J. C. Buxton.

From early childhood, Doctor Watkins had been actively interested in his father 's dental work, be- coming familiar with its details in the office, and even though he had begun the practice of law, he concluded to follow the profession in which his father was engaged. With that purpose in view, he entered the dental department of the Univer- sity of Maryland, in Baltimore, in 1898, and was there graduated in May, 1900. Being licensed to practice dentistry in North Carolina, he became associated with his father, who was then critically ill, and who died two weeks later.

Soon after entering upon his professional career, Doctor Watkins joined the North Carolina Dental Society, and has continued an active and valued member since, having served in various official posi- tions, including that of president. He is also an active member of the local and district societies, and is a charter member, and ex-president of the Winston Dental Society. In 1902 the doctor joined the National Dental Association, of which he has since been an active member, and was an active member of the southern branch of that organiza- tion during its existence.

Doctor Watkins has several times given clinics at both the state and national meetings. He gave one at the Jamestown Dental Congress, and was on the program for a clinic in prophylaxis at the dental congress held in San Francisco, but was prevented from attending by serious illness in his family. The doctor wrote an interesting article giving the result of his experiments with blue light in dental work. In commenting on an article written by Doctor Watkins, and printed in the ' ' Dental Cosmos, ' ' the Scientific American gave the doctor credit for having been the first to dis- cover, and give to the world, the "Blue Light" treatment in dentistry.

Among the more important of the papers which the doctor has written, was the one read before the North Carolina Dental Society, at Moorehead City, in 1904, entitled "After Porcelain, What?" In that paper, he treated dental science from its cradle up to porcelain filling, which marks the latest touch in dental art and science. He said "We must progress, and the next step must be prevention. ' ' That a well developed tooth, kept perfectly clean, will not decay, was the keynote of his carefully and intelligently prepared paper. The doctor suggested that each dentist should as- sume charge, dental charge, of five or six infants each year, from the beginning keeping their teeth clean, and watch results. He also insisted that sterilization of all dental instruments was abso-

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

lutely neeessary. The doctor now has in his care several hundred persons whose teeth are absolutely perfect.

Later, after having been a guest at the home, in Philadelphia, of Dr. D. D. Smith, a dentist of national repute, Doctor Watkins wrote an article on ' ' Prophylaxis, ' ' and read it before the same society. Doctor Watkins, like Doctor Smith, of whom he is a disciple, is a strong advocate of oral prophylaxis. In his actual practice, Doctor Wat- kins insists that his patients shall come to him each month for a systematic polishing of their teeth, which practically prevents decay. During the last few years, the doctor has given much at- tention to the treatment of pyorrhea, or Riggs disease, and to the treatment of oral abscesses, which he contends contribute largely to many of the diseases to which human flesh is heir. In diag- nosing these conditions, the X-ray is used. The removal of diseased bones, directed by the X-ray, often enables nature to overcome conditions seem- ingly chronic.

Doctor Watkins married, June 24, 1903, Irene Montague. She was born in Winston-Salem, a daughter of Dr. Seth J. and Ella (Starbuck) Montague. Five children have blessed the union of Doctor and Mrs. Watkins, namely: Joseph Con- rad, Jr.; Richard Montague; Mary Elizabeth, who died in infancy; William Henry; and Eleanor Starbuck.

Fraternally Doctor Watkins is a member of Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Ac- cepted Order of Masons; of Winston Chapter No. 24, Eoyal Arch Masons; of Piedmont Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar; of Salem Lodge No. 14, Junior Order of United American Mechanics; of Salem Lodge No. 56, Knights of Pythias; and of Twin City "Tribe No. 27, Woodmen of the World. He is an active member of the First Baptist Church, of which he has been a deacon since 1901.

Samuel Simpson Nash, of Tarboro, was one of the youngest volunteers to serve in the Confederate Army, and since the war has pursued a very active business career and has enjoyed many distinctions of civic and private life.

He was born at Hillsboro April 23, 1848, a son of Henry K and Mary (Simpson) Nash. As a boy he was educated in private schools and was only sixteen toward the close of the war when he enlisted in Company G of the Twenty-Seventh North Carolina Infantry. Later he was captured at Petersburg and made a prisoner and was thus held until the close of hostilities. The war over, he found work as clerk at Wilmington with the Wilmington and Manchester Railway, and after that for several years was employed in various stores and mercantile houses.

At Tarboro Mr. Nash conducted one of the leading mercantile establishments from 1872 to 1891, and after that for twenty years was a prom- inent cotton buyer. Since 1911 he has been secre- tary and treasurer of the Edgecombe Homestead and Loan Association. He has served as a mem- ber of the graded school board since its organiza- tion, was for four years treasurer of Edgecombe County, and has always been a prominent member of the Episcopal Church, which he has served as vestryman forty years and for a period of thirty years conducted as superintendent several Sunday schools in the country districts.

April 23, 1878, he married Annie Gray Cheshire, of Tarboro. Her parents were Rev. Joseph Blount and Elizabeth (Parker) Cheshire. Mr. and Mrs.

Nash have six children : Joseph C. ; Elizabeth,, wife of Henry Johnston, attorney and farmer of Tarboro; Arabella Parker, wife of Judge Albert L. Cox, of Raleigh; Annie Gray, widow of Allen Jones Ruffin; Samuel Simpson, Jr., who was in the banking business and is now in the United States army in France, being First Lieutenant of Co. M. Three Hundred and Seventh Infantry; and Pembroke, still at home in Tarboro.

Jude Palmer is a lawyer at Winston-Salem. He is an alumni of the University of North Caro- lina, a man of thorough education, and has shown much ability and skill in his profession. He also represents in direct line of descent one of the very old and prominent families of North Carolina.

He stands in the sixth generation from the founder of the name in this colony. His American progenitor was Robert Palmer, a native of County Kent, England. He waB liberally educated and was prepared for the Government service. He was sent to America as Lord Surveyor of the Colony of North Carolina. Among other services he and his son William were instrumental in build- ing the first church erected in the colony at Bath, North Carolina. A tablet in the old church perpetuates his memory. He was also a member of Governor Dobbs council.

William Palmer, of the second generation, served as a colonel in the Colonial Guards.

Robert Palmer of the third generation, was born at Bath in Beaufort County, North Caro- lina, and was sent abroad to complete his educa- tion. He was a student in England at Cambridge when the Revolutionary war broke out. Though he desired to return to his native colony, he was prevented and remained almost a prisoner in England until the war was over. On returning to America he removed to Montgomery County, North Carolina, wihere hps grandfather had obtained a large land grant. From there he came to the Deep River country in Lee County, where there was another large family grant. With slave labor Robert Palmer improved a large estate, and lived there until his death. He mar- ried a Miss Aulston, whose family name is frequently spelled Allston. Both he and his wife are buried in the Palmer Cemetery near Sanford in Lee County.

Orren A. Palmer, of the fourth American gen- eration, and grandfather of Jude Palmer, was born near Sanford in Lee County, North Carolina, and inherited upwards of 3,000 acres of land, in Randolph County. He developed that as a large plantation and continued its management until his death at the age of sixty-nine. The maiden name of his wife was Sylvinia Staley. She was a native of Germany, and came to America with her parents, who settled in Randolph County. She died at the age sixty-five years, having reared eight sons. Four of them, John, Norman, Alex- ander and Orren Dates saw active service in the Confederate Army. John met his death in the three days' battle of Gettysburg.

Orren Dates Palmer, who was born in Lee County, was but seventeen years of age and weighed only eighty pounds when he enlisted and joined the Junior Reserves. With his command he went to Fort Fisher and soon after his arrival was detailed for service in the hospital. A few weeks before the close of the war he joined Wheeler's Cavalry, and though not enrolled as a member remained with that organization in its-

HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

25

various movements and was surrendered with that command.

When the war was over he sought the quiet voca- tion of agriculture on a place of 500 acres in the Deep River Grant. He adapted himself to the new conditions imposed by the war, proved successful, and subsequently bought 2,000 acres of land. After his marriage he built and re-weatherboarded a large colonial log house, which with subsequent additions and improvements makes an exceedingly comfortable home and there he still resides. Orren Dates Palmer married Mattie Edwards Farrer. She was born near Jonesboro in Lee Countv, North Carolina, daughter of Gaston and Eliza" (Whitfield) Farrer. Eliza Whitfield was the daughter of the famous preacher Whitfield. Orren D. Palmer and wife have reared seven children: Jude, Rebecca, Dora, Augustus, Sabra, Eliza Whitfield, and Phoebe.

Of such an ancestry any man may well be proud. It is an inspiration to personal achieve- ment, and Jude Palmer has not been unconscious of the traits and character of his forefathers and has exerted himself to the best of his ability to realize in his own career what might have been expected of him through earlier members of the family. He was born on his father 's plantation near Sanford in Lee County, July 10, 1882.

His early education was acquired in the rural schools and he was also a student at Milford Col- lege. In 1903 he entered the University of North Carolina, where he remained five years in the literary and law departments and completed the law course there. On being admitted to the bar he first located at Pittstown, two years later went to Greensboro, and in 1907 came to Winston- Salem. Here he has practiced with growing ability and success to the present time.

In February, 1910, Mr. Palmer married Bessie Estell Reich. She was born at Salem, a daughter of Joseph Reich. Mr. and Mrs. Palmer have two children: Helen and Orren Dates. Mr. Palmer was reared in the Episcopal faith and is now a teacher in the church Sunday school. Mrs. Palmer is a member of the Home Moravian Church. Mr. Palmer is a member of the Merchants and Manufacturers Club of Greensboro and belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

Jerome B. Flora. One of the men of enter- prise and stable character who had much to do with the upbuilding of modern Elizabeth City was the late Jerome B. Flora, for many years a leading merchant here and the founder of the present wholesale grocery house that perpetuates his name and is conducted by his sons. Not only was Mr. Flora a shrewd, keen business man, with the foresight that discovered opportunities for investment and the good judgment that made these unfailingly profitable, but he possessed that broad spirit of enterprise that aroused others and led them to co-operate with him in bringing ahout many progressive movements that set the business tide in the direction of commercial pros- perity.

Jerome B. Flora -was born in Currituck Coun- ty, North Carolina, and died at his home in Elizabeth City on June 15, 1914. His early years were spent on a farm hut the commercial instinct in him was strong and while yet a young man he embarked in the mercantile business at Shjloh, North Carolina. The misfortune that he met with there, in losing his store and stock by

fire, proved fortunate for Elizabeth City, to which place he came in 1874 and established himself in business on the corner of Water and Fearing Streets, where he continued until 1877, when he sold to other parties and moved to Norfolk, Vir- ginia. Mr. Flora was engaged in business at Norfolk until 1883, and then returned to Eliza- beth City, which remained his home during the liest of his busy and useful life. He invested in property, all of which he improved with fine, substantial buildings, erecting several of the hand- some business blocks that are a credit to Eliza- beth City and included in his building operations the construction of his own big wholesale house, one of the largest wholehouse grocery houses in Eastern North Carolina.

Mr. Flora amassed a large fortune and was officially or otherwise connected with some of the city 's most important interests. He was pres- ident of the Savings Bank, and was vice president of the Elizabeth City Hosiery Mills, one of the very successful industries of this section. He was a liberal contributor to churches and schools and all worthy enterprises aroused his interest and gained his support. He was essentially a business man and political honors did not par- ticularly appeal to him. In his death Elizabeth City lost one of her most able business men and most honorable and upright citizens.

Mr. Flora was twice married, first to Miss Ida Albertson, and second to Miss Allie Albertson. His five children survive, namely: two daughters, Mrs. S. H. Johnson and Alice Virginia, and three sons, Jerome B., Jr., and Edward, who are now in the United States Army with the Three Hundred and Fifth Sanitary Train, Three Hundred and Seventeenth Ambulance Company, and Howard, also in the United States Army with the Three Hundred and Fifth Sanitary Train, Three Hun dred and Twentieth Ambulance Company.

Emmett C. Willis. Noteworthy among the active and successful attorneys of Wilkes County is Emmett C. Willis, of North Wilkesboro, who possesses an excellent knowledge of law, and through his legal skill has won for himself an assured position at .the bar. A native of Stokes County, North Carolina, he was born in Meadows Township October 29, 1878, the descendant of an old Virginian family, his father, William E. Willis, and his grandfather, Joseph Willis, having been born in Halifax County, Virginia.

Joseph Willis followed the trade of a blacksmith and wagon ironer in Virginia until 1848. In that years he came with his family to North Carolina, and having located in Stokes County established a smithy in Sauraton Township. An expert work- man, he soon secured a liberal patronage, and being an equally good financier he acquired con- siderable property, at his death in 1881 leaving a valuable estate. He married a Miss Chaney, who was horn in Virginia, and died in Stokes County.

Born in 1837, William E. Willis was but a school boy when he came with his parents to this state. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, and after attaining his majority he received from his father as a gift a deed to quite a tract of land. He subsequently bought adjoining pieces of land in Meadows Towmship, and is still living on the farm which he has highly developed and improved. His wife, whose maiden name was Julia Hughart, was born in Greenbrier County, Virginia, a daugh- ter of William H. and Martha (Valentine) Hug- hart. Five children were born of their union.

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

as follows: Joseph H., William E., Arthur N., Emmett C, and Ernest V.

After completing the course of study in the public schools, Emmett C. Willis attended both the Germantown and the Kernesville academies. Then seeking a congenial occupation, he began life on his own account as a teacher at Salem Chapel, Forsyth County. His experience in that line being pleasant and satisfactory, he subse- quently taught in Winston, Edenton, Southport, Kingston and North Wilkesboro. In the mean- time Mr. Willis took up the study of law, and after his admission to the bar, in February, 1912, opened an office in North Wilkesboro, where he is already enjoying a large and quite remunerative practice. He is a member of the Legal Advisory Board of Wilkes County and Government appeal agent of the same county.

Mr. Willis was united in marriage with Mary E. Ellis on December 29, 1909. She was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, a daughter of Wil- liam F. and Lura (Wood) Ellis. Mr. and Mrs. Willis are the parents of two bright and interesting children, Elizabeth and Emmett C, Jr. Religiously Mr. Willis belongs to the Disciples Church, while Mrs. Willis is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Fraternally Mr. Willis is a member of Wilkesboro Lodge No. 23, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and of Rathburn Lodge No. 97, Knights of Pythias.

William Andrew Hunt. To describe the inter- ests and activities of Mr. Hunt is almost equival- ent to giving a directory of the important business institutions and organizations to promote the civic and general welfare of Henderson. In a very im- portant degree he measures up to the full sig- nificance of the phrase man of affairs.

He was born at Lexington in Davidson County, North Carolina, January 28, 1872, son of William Henley and Lettie Julia (Conrad) Hunt. His fa- ther was a merchant. The son was educated in the Lexington High School, in the Lexington Acad- emy with the class of 1890, and from that forth- with began his business career at the age of eight- een. Two years he spent as clerk in the bank at Lexington, and after was bookkeeper in the Peo- ples National Bank of Winston-Salem until Feb- ruary, 1893.

At the latter date he transferred his home and interests to Henderson, where he came to accept the post of cashier of the Bank of Henderson. Two years later he was one of the men who brought about the merger of the Bank of Henderson with the Citizens Bank in 1895. He was elected first cashier of the consolidated institution, and has filled that post continuously to the present time. Mr. Hunt is widely known among North Carolina bankers, and was a charter member at the organ- ization of the North Carolina Bankers' Associa- tion July 24, 1897. He has served as a member of its executive committee and since 1905 has been secretary and treasurer.

Since 1905 he has been entrusted with the re- sponsibility of handling the city finances of Hen- derson. At the same date he was elected a mem- ber of the city council and filled that post twelve years. He organized and since 1912 has been president of the Home Building and Loan Associa- tion, is secretary and treasurer of the Carolina Buggy Manufacturing Company, was an organizer and has since been treasurer of the Henderson Hos- iery Mills, was one of the organizers and has since been a director of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr.

Hunt is a deacon of the First Presbyterian Church, is a Knights Templar Mason, past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias and a member of Temple No. 73, Knights of Khorassan. October 24, 1894, he married Miss Hallie Wesley Young, of Oxford, North Carolina, daughter of Dr. Peter Wesley and Jane (Cooper) Young. They have two children, Mary Young and William Andrew, Jr.

Edmond Alexander Hawes, Sr., a wealthy and prominent manufacturer and capitalist at Atkin- son, has sustained a large and prominent role in business affairs and in the good citizenship of North Carolina for upwards of half a century.

The Hawes family of New England and its off- shoot the Hawes family of Eastern North Carolina are descended from Edmond Hawes of Yarmouth, Massachusetts, who came to America from Eng- land in 1635. The North Carolina Hawes family is one of the oldest in the eastern part of the state. They represent an ancestry that is a commingling of the Scotch-Irish and English. The founder of the family in this state settled at Smithville, now Southport, in Brunswick County.

Dr. John R. Hawes, father of the Atkinson busi- ness man, established a plantation in Pender County near Atkinson, but throughout his long life was a practicing physician and looked after the health and welfare of a large community through- out that part of the country. He was a man of special prominence and influence due to his pro- fession and his fine character. In the war between the states he was captain of Company E in the Eighteenth North Carolina Infantry. Company E was recruited at Mill Creek, New Hanover County, now Pender County, and was sent to Camp Dudley, which was located in the southern part of Wil- mington near the old Kidder mills. He also repre- sented New Hanover County in the General As- sembly of 1866-67. Doctor Hawes married Miss Martha A. Black, a close relative of General Lil- lington of Revolutionary fame. She was reared and spent part of her life at Lillington Hall, the noted plantation of the Lillington family on the Northeast Biver in New Hanover County.

Edmond Alexander Hawes, Sr., was born at Wil- mington, North Carolina, in New Hanover County, February 6, 1849. He received his early education in the public schools of what was then New Han- over County and also attended Trinity College. Early in life he took up farming in Pender County, and has gradually expanded the scope of his interests to include many of the prominent business affairs of that vicinity. In 1912 he be- came one of the organizers of the Bank of Atkin- son, of which he has since been president. He also helped organize and is president of the Atkinson Hosiery Mill and the Pender Telephone Company. For forty consecutive years he has been honored with the responsibilities of justice of the peace in his community.

June 1, 1875, Mr. Hawes married Virginia E. Russ, daughter of the late J. W. and Margaret A. (Simpson) Russ, of Bladen County. Her father was a prominent planter who represented his county in both houses of the Great Assembly. Mrs. Hawes was the sixth child in a family of ten chil- dren. Two of her brothers, Dr. Simpson Russ and W. H. Russ, did valiant service with the Con- federate Army in the war between the states.

Mr. and Mrs. Hawes became the parents of eight children. One of their sons, Homer Haas, died at the age of nineteen. Of those living John Robert is a successful farmer and business Irian

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of Pender County and is general manager of the Pender County Telephone Company. Martha A. and Margaret are both at home with their parents, while Edmond A., Jr., is mentioned elsewhere. Dr. Stephen J. has for some years been a physician at Dover, North Carolina, but is now stationed at Port Oglethorpe, Georgia, with the rank of lieutenant in the United States Army. Virginia Ely married Dr. J. T. Hoggart, of Atkinson, Pender County. Doctor Hoggart is also with the National Army, a lieutenant stationed at Oglethorpe. The youngest of the family, Katherine J., is still at home with her parents.

Edmond Alexander Hawes Jr., for a man of his years has played a most prominent part both in business and public life in North Carolina. The honors and responsibilities of statesmanship came to him as soon as he had attained his ma- jority and for several terms he did some splen- did and able work in the Legislature. His home and business center is at Atkinson in Pender County, where he is an important factor in many of the varied activities of that community.

A son of Edmond Alexander Hawes, Sr., and member of the prominent family elsewhere re- ferred to, Mr. Hawes was born in Pender County near Atkinson in 1884, was reared on the old home place, was educated in Whitsett Institute and the University of North Carolina, graduat- ing from the university in 1903. He had just reached his twenty-first year when in 1904 he was elected to represent Pender County in the Lower House of the General Assembly. He served ac- tively in the session of 1905, and in 1906 was chosen a member of the Senate and was iden- tified with the sessions of 1907 and 1909. In 1910 he was returned to the State Senate and his name is identified with some of the important legislation of the session of 1911. He served on various important committees and was a close student of the entire legislative program. Peo- ple generally identify his service in particular with the Pender County Stock Law, which was enacted under his energetic leadership. This is a progressive measure which though bitterly op- posed at the time by some of his fellow citizens, is generally reeognized by all to be the only rule of action for a progressive and enlightened com- munity.

In business affairs Mr. Hawes is a merchant, bank director and manufacturer, and is associ- ated with his father in various industrial and commercial enterprises. A number of years ago he established the mercantile business at Atkinson, and is also a director of the Bank of Atkinson of which his father is president, and is secretary and treasurer of the New Atkinson Hosiery Mills, which began operations in the summer of 1918 for the manufacture of hosiery. This is an impor- tant industry for the little city. With his fa- ther Mr. Hawes is owner of several thousand acres of valuable timber and agricultural land in the vicinity of Atkinson.

Julian Smith Mann. Lawyer, plantation owner, public official, Julian Smith Mann rep- resents one of the old and prominent families of North Carolina, and through his own career has impressed himself influentially upon his native state. He is now serving as superintendent of state prisons, and in 1916 became a candidate for state treasurer.

His home district is the old County of Hyde,

from which locality he was first promoted into politics, and where for a number of years he served as chairman of the Democratic Committee. He was born there August 15, 1863, and is a son of Edward L. and Mary M. (Gibbs) Mann. His father was a prominent planter, was a member of the North Carolina Secession Convention, and served both in the Lower House and Senate of the Legislature. Both parents were natives of Hyde County.

Julian Smith Mann was educated in Horner 's School at Oxford, North Carolina, and in the State University, where he graduated in 1885 in the literary course. He continued his studies in the law department, and in 18S7 was admitted to the bar. Mr. Mann practiced a few years at Newbern, and had soon surrounded himself with an influential clientele. At the death of his father, however, he returned to take active charge of the plantations, and to their manage- ment has devoted nis business energies ever since.

In 1891 Hyde County sent him to the Legis- lature. That was his first term in state politics. In the following session he performed a notable service to the people of North Carolina by in- troducing and securing the passage of the bill for the protection of oyster fishermen in North Carolina. As a result of this measure the foreign fishermen were driven away from the oyster beds along the North Carolina coast, but it required a quota of state troops to accomplish this, and since then the oyster industry has been conducted by and for North Carolina people. In the mean- time the beneficial effects of the bill have proved apparent in the immense growth of the oyster fisheries. He wa3 also active in securing the passage of the measure providing for the Shell Fish Commission, and Governor Elias Carr ap- pointed him chief commissioner of that depart- ment.

In 1900 Mr. Mann was again elected to the Legislature for the session of 1901. Governor Ayeock appointed him a director of the state prison, and at the special request of the governor the board of directors elected him superintendent of the state penal institution, and as such he served through Ayeock 's administration and was again appointed by Governor Glenn. At the ex- piration of his second term in 1909 he returned to Hyde County, and was busied with his plan- tation until 1913, when at the request of Gov- ernor Locke Craig he was again made super- intendent of state prisons. He is a man of great executive ability, a thorough organizer, and the state penientiary system has correspondingly benefited by his administration. Mr. Mann is a member of the Capitol Club at Ealeigh, is a Mason, and belongs to the college fraternity Kappa Alpha.

On March 18, 1895, he married Emma F. Bonner, of Hyde County North Carolina, daugh- ter of Dr. "William V. Bonner. To their union have been born five children: Edith M., Edna E., Margaret E., Julian E. and Edward Bonner.

Col. Luther Graves Watch. Distinguished not only as a native-born citizen of Surry County, but as a direct , descendant of two of the oldest and best-known families of North Carolina, those of Franklin and Graves, Col. Luther Graves Waugh, of Dobson, a man of unquestioned integ- rity and ability, is eminently deserving of repre- sentation in a work of this character. A son of Harrison M. Waugh, he was. born on a farm three

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

miles from Mount Airy June 3, 1847. His grand- father, James Waugh, a native of Pennsylvania, migrated from that state to Kentucky, becoming one of the pioneer settlers of Nicholas County, where he spent the remainder of his days.

Harrison M. Waugh was born November 7, 1804, in Nicholas County; Kentucky, and was there bred and educated. Coming to Surry County, North Carolina, in early manhood, he first located in Waughtown, from there removing to Mount Airy where he embarked in mercantile pursuits. He afterward lived for a while in Rockford, but spent the closing years of his life in Dobson, passing away November 11, 1882. He was three times married, his first wife having been a Miss Waugh, of Waughtown. The maiden name of his second wife was Mary Ursula Graves. She was a daugh- ter of Solomon and Mary (Franklin) Graves, and on the paternal side was a lineal descendant of Thomas Graves, who emigrated from England to America in 1607, and settled in Virginia, while on the maternal side she was of equally honored ancestry, having been a granddaughter of Gover- nor Jesse Franklin. She died in Rockford, Surry County, in 1852, leaving but one child, Luther Graves Waugh, the special subject of this brief sketch. By his first marriage Harrison M. Waugh had four children, James, Samuel, Susan and Vic- toria. By his union with Nancy Axson, his third wife, five children were born, Lulu, Jessie, Cora, Stella and John.

Scholarly in his tastes and ambitions, Luther G. Waugh attended first the public schools of Dob- son and later completed his studies at Emory and Henry College in Emory, Virginia. In August,

1864, a youth of scarce seventeen summers, he enlisted in Company B, Second Battalion, and went with his command to Virginia. Continuing with his regiment, he took an active part in vari- ous engagements, and on February 7, 1865, at the battle of Hatcher 's Run, was captured by the enemy. Being taken to Point Lookout, he was there confined as a prisoner of war until June,

1865, when he was paroled. Returning to North Carolina, Colonel Waugh became actively inter- ested in the development of the agricultural re- sources of Surry County, and is now the owner of two valuable farms, one that adjoins Dobson containing 240 acres, and one in Fisher River Valley containing 100 acres.

A steadfast supporter of the principles of the democratic party, Colonel Waugh has always taken much interest in public affairs and has represented Surry County in the State Legislature. Religiously he remains true to the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he was reared.

William Alexander Cooper. To build up an important business, to maintain the standards of business integrity and civic public spirit through- out a long period of years, to ally oneself with every undertaking for the moral, religious and community welfare, is the kind of achievement which will always attract the energies of the best men, and it is by such standards that the life of William Alexander Cooper can be measured.

He was born at Clemmonsville, Forsyth County, North Carolina, May 22, 1868, a son of Thomas Dabney and Sarah (Wommaek) Cooper. His par- ents are both deceased. He was reared in a home not without its refining influences and with incen- tive to character development, but at the same time he had no luxuries, was able to attend school only in such institutions as were maintained in

his home locality, and found it expedient at an early age to get out in the world and make his own opportunity. At the age of sixteen he went to Winston, and served a four years ' apprentice- ship in the marble and granite business, and his expert efficiency in that trade has been the founda- tion on which his business career has been built up. At the close of his apprenticeship he formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, Frank Cook, and they bought out the establishment of his former employer. The firm remained at Winston- Salem six years. Then in 1894 Mr. Cooper and his brothers, T. R. and G. W. Cooper, moved to Raleigh and bought the Raleigh Marble Works. The business has been conducted under the name of Cooper Brothers and later of Cooper Monu- ment Company. This is one of the most complete and extensive monument establishments in North Carolina. Their business headquarters are on West Martin Street near the Union Station in Raleigh. Long experience, continued growth of capital and resources, have brought the equipment of this firm to the highest point of efficiency. The firm has long employed some of the ablest artists in the stone cutting trade, and at the same time the plant has been equipped throughout with me- chanical processes so that practically every phase of the work, the cutting, carving, polishing, let- tering and boxing of monuments is done by ma- chinery. The business of the firm long since ex- ceeded local limitations. There is one fine example of the Cooper Monument Company in the City of Washington. This is the monument to John Car- roll, first bishop of Baltimore, made out of North Carolina stone and standing in one of the public parks of the nation 's capital. The statute of Governor Z. B. Vance in Capitol Square at Raleigh is another example of their workmanship, and there are many statues of individuals, Confederate monuments, and other similar work to be found practically all over the State of North Carolina.

On January 6, 1909, Mr. Cooper celebrated his twenty-fifth anniversary of his business career. He received many tributes from his fellow business men and also one in the form of a letter couched in terms of congratulation and of reference to the high standing of his business and his own personal integrity, from Governor R. B. Glenn, who also came from Forsyth County.

Besides his position as president of the Cooper Monument Company, Mr. Cooper is also president of the Granita Company, and was one of the organ- izers and is a director in the Anchor Trust Com- pany of Raleigh.

A thorough public spirit and broad and active interest in every movement for the betterment of his home city have gone hand in hand with Mr. Cooper's progress as a business man. He served three terms as an alderman of Raleigh from the Third Ward. It is said that he was the most efficient chairman of the street committee who ever occupied that office. On account of the demands of his private business he tried to be relieved of his responsibilities as an alderman at the close of his second term in 1909, but his constituents refused to be without his public service, and he was nominated unanimously and re-elected. Of his civic work perhaps the most important was his leadership and effective influence in behalf of the paving of Raleigh 's principal streets with asphalt. Such pavement was the first to be laid in the state and as much as anything else they have served to keep Raleigh in the front of pro- gressive American municipalities.

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Church, fraternal organizations, philanthropic institutions and other movements have all bene- fited from Mr. Cooper 's active relationship. He has long been a member of the Raleigh Baptist Tabernacle, and took an active part in the enlarg- ing and remodeling of the church edifice a few years ago. He is a member of the Baptist State Mission Board, and has been especially liberal of his time and means in support of the Baptist Orphanage at Thomasville. He originated the an- nual festive occasion at the orphanage known as Cooper Carnival, which is a time of rejoicing to the many children who recognize that institution as their only home. Mr. Cooper is also a trustee of Rex Hospital at Raleigh, one of the best equipped and best managed institutions of its kind in the state. He is a Knights Templar Mason and is also a member of the board of charities, of the Law and Order League, of the board of health, the Good Health League, and is a trustee of the Raleigh Y. M. C. A. In 1916 he was state councillor of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He made his year in that office not- able. Addressing all the councils of the state he called for a general observance of April 7, 1916, as ' ' Service Day ' ' when as local bodies or in- dividuals all members would assume some special service of good to the sick or burdened or to im- proving the conditions of community. In Wake County every country schoolhouse received a fresh coat of paint. Results throughout the state were so gratifying that ' ' Service Day ' ' has been adopted as a feature of the annual program of the order all over the United States.

DeWitt Hakmon, now serving as county engi- neer of Forsyth County in his sixth year, is a successful business man at Kernersville and is one of the well known figures in the public life of his native county. Mr. Harmon for many years was engaged in railroad engineering, and therefore brings a vast amount of training and experience to his present official position.

Mr. Harmon is a native of Kernersville. His grandfather, Appollus Harmon, was born in Suf- field, Connecticut, of colonial ancestry. He was reared and educated in his native state, but when a young man came to North Carolina and at Kernersville met and married Salome Kerner. Sev- eral years later they went back to Connecticut, but eventually returned, to Kernersville, where Appollus Harmon located on land inherited by his wife. He was there engaged in farming and remained a resident until his death at the age of sixty-seven. His wife, Salome Kerner, was the daughter of Joseph and Christina (Cosner) Kerner. Excepting for the few years she lived in Con- necticut she was a life long resident of Kerners- ville.

Julius Sheldon Harmon, father of DeWitt, was born at Kernersville in 1824. Part of his early education was acquired in Connecticut, and at an early age he was apprenticed to learn the trade of millwright. He inherited studious tastes, was a great reader, and though he had little opportu- nity for formal schooling he acquired a very thorough education. For a time he taught school. Besides teaching he worked at his trade as mill- wright and also did surveying. His home for the greater part of his life was at Kernersville, where he died in 1891. The maiden name of his wife was Antoinette Kerner, daughter of Phillip Kerner. Their four children were Cora, Delia,

DeWitt and Tilla E. The first two are now deceased. Tilla is a graduate of Salem College and is a successful music teacher. She and her brother now occupy the old homestead at Kerners- ville.

DeWitt Harmon had the advantages of the grammar and high schools of Kernersville, and at the age of eighteen he had qualified as a teacher. His first term was taught in the Pine Grove School in Kernersville Township. After two years as clerk with the general merchandise firm of Beard & Roberts at Kernersville he was offered a position in the Moravian School at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, and he taught there three terms. Resigning he took up an active outside work more to his liking and became identified with the engi- neering corps during the construction of the Rich- mond & Danville Railroad. He began as a chain and stake bearer, and having much ability at mathematics and being eager for advancement he was promoted until he became assistant to the engi- neer of the maintenance department of the road. Many responsibilities were given to him in the engineering work. For five years Mr. Harmon had his headquarters at Asheville, North Carolina. He was then assigned to the Georgia department, with headquarters at Savannah, and remained there until 1891.

On the death of his father he resigned from the railroad and returned home. He had in the mean- time acquired an interest in a flouring mill near Kernersville, and 1897 he erected the Kernersville Roller Mills, equipped with all the modern machinery and facilities for the manufacture of high grade patent flour. That is one of the chief industries of that part of Forsyth County, and Mr. Harmon still operates the plant.

His public spirit has led him into active con- nection with public affairs. For several years he served as one of the Board of Commissioners of Kernersville and also on the local School Board. He was a member of that board when the fine schoolhouse was erected. In 1912, by act of the Legislature, he was appointed a member of the Board of Highway Commissioners of Forsyth County, and in that position his training as an engineer has given him much influence and has enabled him to serve the community with a thorough professional skill. Since he became a member of the board many improvements have been made on the roads and several bridges built. For four years he was a member of the Board of County Commissioners, and in that time several miles of macadam road and the County Home was built.

Albion Dunn, mayor of Greenville and a prom- inent lawyer of that city, was first elected to the office in 1915 and for a second term in 1917.

The administration of Mayor Dunn will always be a memorable one in the matter of municipal advancement and improvement of Greenville. Practically all the paving of the city in perma- nent form has been accomplished during his ad- ministration. During his first term 89,000 square yards were laid and 40,000 yards were put down In 1917, giving the city now a total of 129,000 square yards of durable pavement. In one twelve month period four miles of sidewalks were con- structed. Gas mains have been extended all over the city and $100,000 were authorized for the construction and improvement of water and light plant. Since he became mayor Mr. Dunn has

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HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA

performed all the services of city attorney free of charge. That was one of the chief savings effected, in obviating attorneys' costs and fees upon paving work.

Mr. Dunn is one of the younger men of North Carolina, but his public spirit and his eonscientiou devotion to the public welfare might well be copied and emulated by all municipal officers. He was born at Scotland Neck, North Carolina, June 2, 1883, a son of William Arrington and Kate (Speed) Dunn. His father was also an attorney. The son was educated in private schools, attended the liter- ary department of Wake Forest College for four years from 1898 to 1902, taking his A. B. degree in 1902, and in February, 1904, graduated from the law department. He was not yet twenty-one when he graduated and was admitted to the bar and began practice in 1904. He practiced at Scotland Neck from 1905 to 1910, and since then has been handling a large general practice at Greenville, and has an excellent clientele. He is a member of the North Carolina and American Bar Associations, is former president of the Carolina Club, and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. Active in the Baptist Church he teaches the Baraca Class.

January 9, 1907, Mr. Dunn married Miss Grace Gallaway, of Mount Airy, North Carolina. She died March 19, 1907. On December 30, 1909, he married Miss Irma Cobb, of Greenville. They have one son, Albion, Jr., born December 2, 1910.

i

Richard C. Freeman is an attorney at Dobson, and has practiced since 1899 in Surry County. Be- sides his law business various official positions have been conferred upon him and he is the pres- ent postmaster of Dobson.

Mr. Freeman was born January 19, 1867, and is closely connected with one of the earliest fami- lies of Western North Carolina. His remote Ameri- can ancestry goes back to Samuel Freeman, who was born in England and of English parentage, and was one of the first settlers of Surry County. Securing large tracts of land in the Yadkin River Valley he improved them and cultivated a large acreage with the aid of his slaves. He lived there until his death and his will was probated in 1796.

His son Aaron Freeman, great-grandfather of the Dobson lawyer, was born on the present site of Siloam on the Yadkin River. He removed to Fish River and became owner of upwards of 1,500 acres of land in that vicinity. This extensive plantation he operated with the aid of slaves and lived there until his death.

A portion of this generous estate in the Fish River Valley was inherited by his son Alexander Freeman, who was born near Dobson. His life 's activities were consumed in farming and he was one of the substantial men of that locality. He married Sally Mosely, a daughter of Henry A. Mosely, who married a Miss Shore. The Mosely and Shore families were pioneers in Yadkin county. Alexander Freeman and wife both lived to a good old age. Their five sons were named West, Hawkins, Henry, Samuel and Nicholas. Nicholas was a soldier in the Confederate army.

Samuel A. Freeman, father of Richard C, was born on the farm two miles northwest of Dob- son, September 3, 1842. He inherited some of his father's estate, but most of his brief life was taken up with official work. He was appointed deputy sheriff and to better perform the duties of that office he removed to Dobson. He served both

as deputy sheriff and deputy clerk until his death, which occurred at the early age of thirty-three.

Samuel A. Freeman married Susan E. Waugh, a member of the notable family that gave the name to the present suburban town of Winston-Salem. She was born at Waughtown, a daughter of Har- rison M. and Mary Waugh. Harrison Waugh was a son of Samuel Waugh, a native of Pennsylvania. The father of Samuel Waugh was of Scotch-Irish ancestry and came from England to America, lo- cating in Pennsylvania. From that state Samuel Waugh moved to Carlisle, Kentucky, and lived there until his death. Harrison Waugh came from Kentucky to North Carolina. He married for his first wife Mary Waugh, who was born at Waugh- town, daughter of James Waugh, who was a brother of Samuel Waugh. James Waugh was a native of Pennsylvania, had come to North Caro- lina and bought a large tract of land including the present site of Waughtown. He married Eliza- beth Robinet. Mrs. Samuel A. Freeman survived her husband and was eighty-two years of age on March 22, 1918. Her family consisted of tw.o sons and one daughter, Richard C, Luther W., and Sallie, widow of Dr. Walter C. Folger.

Richard C. Freeman prepared for college at Columbia, Missouri, but studied law in the Uni- versity of North Carolina in 1898-99 and was ad- mitted to practice in the latter year. He forth- with opened an office at Dobson and has been a resourceful and capable member of the local bar ever since. He is also interested in agriculture, having two farms operated by tenants. He also owns considerable real estate at Dobson.

In 1894 Mr. Freeman married Maude Folger, daughter of Dr. Milton Y. and Elizabeth Folger. Ten children have been reared in their household, named Margaret, Rachel, Richard C, Jr., Susan E., James N., Alton Brooks, Clara, Franklin E., William B. and Lucile V. Mr. and Mrs. Freeman are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and are rearing their children in the same faith.

Politically Mr. Freeman cast his first presiden- tial vote for Grover Cleveland. He has been a con- sistent supporter of the democratic party and has been very useful in keeping up the party strength in Surry County. During Cleveland's administra- tion he served as deputy United States marshal. Since reaching his majority Mr. Freeman has at- tended nearly all the state conventions as a dele- gate and many of the district and county con- ventions. He has the distinction of being the first mayor elected at Dobson, has served several years as a member of the school board, and is the pres- ent postmaster. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

J. Worth Elliott is a member of the firm Elliott Building Company with headquarters at Hickory in Catawba County, and with his firm has handled some of the most extensive contracts for railroad and other heavy construction enterprise within recent years.

Mr. Elliott was born in Iredell County, North Carolina, in February, 1S56, son of H. Frank and Catherine (Alexander) Elliott. The Elliotts are a family of builders. H. Frank Elliott during the four years of war between the states served the Confederacy as an expert mechanic and builder in the Confederate navy yards at Selma, Alabama. Afterwards he was a contractor and builder for many years.

J. Worth Elliott practically grew up in the

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atmosphere of building construction, and has fol- lowed that line continuously since early youth. He is a second cousin of Mr. J. D. Elliott, presi- dent of the Elliott Building Company of Hickory. These relatives came to Hickory together in 1885, and have ever since been closely associated in business affairs. They have developed one of the largest contracting organizations in the South. Their company handles and employs great num- bers of workmen, and have furnished the capital, the organization, and skilled supervision for some of the largest construction enterprises in North Carolina and other states. Their specialty has been the erection of buildings for railroad com- panies, such as depots, and J. Worth Elliott is vice president of the Elliott Building Company.

While the little City of Hickory owes much in a material way to the enterprise of J. Worth Elliott it looks upon him and Mrs. Elliott jointly as responsible for many of those substantial bene- fits that can not be measured by material standards alone. Mrs. Elliott is one of the highly cultured and enterprising members of Hickory society and a mover and worker in everything that means bet- ter schools, and a better moral and spiritual atmos- phere for the town. Mrs. Elliott before her mar- riage was Miss Lillie Moss Burns. She was born at Asheboro, Randolph County, daughter of B. B. and Fannie (Moss) Burns, and granddaughter of Dr. James Moss. Both the Moss and Burns fam- ilies have long been prominent in Randolph County. Mrs. Elliott was educated at Archedale, Randolph County, and in Guilford College in Guilford County.

A paragraph or two from the editorial columns of a local paper indicates one direction in which Mr. and Mrs. Elliott's public spirit has gone. ' ' The gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. Worth Elliott of a free site for the Carnegie public library will fur- ther endear this generous couple to the people of Hickory. They have no real estate to sell that would benefit from the location of the library; they were actuated solely by a desire to serve this community to the best of their ability. Mrs. Elliott as president of the Community Club and as president of the Library Association, has ren- dered services to this community that cannot be measured in dollars and cents. Wherever there has been a need, Mrs. Elliott supported by her husband, has been present with her energy and enthusiasm. The lot donated by this generous couple is just west of their beautiful home on Fifteenth street. It will have a frontage of fifty feet and will extend back as far as necessary."

It was in June, 1917, that Mr. and Mrs. Elliott donated this lot for the use of the Carnegie Li- brary. The Carnegie Library Commission had do- nated something more than $11,000 for the erection of a library building and construction of the building was begun in 1917. The donation from the Carnegie fund came following a special elec- tion in March, 1917, at which a tax was voted by the citizens for the permanent maintenance of the library.

It is only giving credit where credit is due to say that Mrs. Elliott was largely responsible for the idea and plan and for the carrying out of the plan by which Hickory is to receive this mod- ern institution of a Carnegie Library. She did much of the personal work connected with securing the petition for the special election, and worked most industriously to have the issue presented prop- erly to the people and get their support to the cause.

The library is essentially an institution of edu-

cation, and it is with the educational needs of Hickory that Mrs. Elliott has been most en- thusiastically and devotedly identified in all the years. She was organizer and is president of the Community Club, and one of the chief objects of this club is to foster the interests of the public school system. One of the first objects accom- plished by the club was to raise $500 a year to em- ploy a domestic science teacher for the schools.

Aleert Sidney Williams. Though a native of North Carolina, Albert Sidney Williams first prac- ticed law in New York State, and he was actively connected with the bar of that state for some four or five years. Since 1908 he has applied himself to the general practice of law at Wilmington, and has a reputation of a sound, able counsellor and efficient trial lawyer throughout that judicial dis- trict.

He was born at Manchester, Cumberland County, North Carolina, August 2, 1869, son of George W. and Kate A. (Murchison) Williams. His father was a wholesale merchant, and gave his son the most liberal advantages preparatory to his pro- fessional career.

He attended private schools, the Bingham Mili- tary School, was a student in the academic depart- ment of the University of North Carolina, 1887-88, and in the fall of 1889 entered the University of Virginia but returning to the University of North Carolina in the fall of 1890 and remaining in the law department until 1891. He studied at Colum- bia University in New York, and in 1895 graduated LL. B. from the University of New York. He was licensed to practice in New York State in 1894, and continued his work as a lawyer there until 1899. He then removed to Wilmington, where he has since been busied by various interests and responsibil- ities.

Mr. Williams is a member of the North Caro- lina and the American Bar associations, of the Cape Fear Club, the Cape Fear Country Club, the Carolina Yacht Club, is a Knights Templar Mason and Shriner, and is also affiliated with the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and the Sigma Alpha Epsilon college fraternity.

November 27, 1912, he married Elliott E. Emer- son, of Wilmington, daughter of Thomas M. Emer- son.

Nathaniel Jacobi. There are few names to which the people of Wilmington may accord honor justly won or . remember with more reverence than that of the late Nathaniel Jacobi, for few men have left behind a richer heritage in the fruits of a noble life. Capably building and fostering great business enterprises was one ex- pression only of his varied nature. He believed in the better and higher things of life and was ever actively concerned in charitable and humane movements, and his achievements in business, con- spicuous as they were, would seem small if placed in the balance with the sum of his philanthropies, his charities, his wide spread benefactions. The enduring influence of the life of a man like